Give Science A Chance Essay -- Stem Cell Research

Its no secret that foundation cell research is a super controversial topic that could emfly lead to big steps in the advancement of modern medicine. There argon many factors that need to be considered when making an ancestry for or against stem cell research. Not just the physical, tangible factors (types of stem cells, possible uses and benefits, and funding) but the emotional ones (ethics and morals) as well. While understanding the reasons opposing stem cell research is simple, understanding the reasons supporting it may be even simpler. shuck cell research should continue because stem cell research has the potential to advance modern medicine and better our world.Technically, there is no defined function for stem cells within the human body and, in theory, usher out piss into almost any kind of cell within the body. There are two types of stem cells in the body known as either grown or embryonic. Adult stem cells are defined as multipotent, which are cells limited o n the many types of cells it could become. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, which are cells that can be developed into any type of cell. Stem cells can be collected from various areas in the body. Bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta, brain, liver, and skin fibers are all examples of where adult stem cells are found. Obtaining these quality stem cells is thought to be the key to potentially finding cures for many dreaded diseases such as Parkinsons, Alzheimers, cancer, and even paralysis. It is the powerful possibilities of stem cell research that make it such a valuable asset to the advancement of modern medicine. Possibly the most highly debated issues of stem cell research is the use of embryonic stem cells and whether their use is et... ... Ideas. By Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. capital of Massachusetts Prentice Hall, 2011. 632-39. Print.2.Gyatso, Tenzin. Our Faith In Science. The Blair Reader Exploring Issues and Ideas. By Laurie G. Kirszne r and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston Prentice Hall, 2011. 527-29. Print.3.Winslow, Ron, and Gautam Naik. Obama Overturns Bush Policy on Stem Cell Research Funding. Online.wsj.com. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 10 Mar. 2009. Web. 19 May 2012. .4.Stem Cell Basics - Types of Stem Cells. Stem Cells at the National Academies. 2009. Web. 22 May 2012. .5.New York Times. Stem Cells. Stem Cells. New York Times, 11 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2012. .

What Makes a Champion? :: First Person Narrative Examples

Whatmakes a protagonist? It is not the trophy. It is not the talent. Not the salary, the most points, the fastest time, or the most records. It is not flush being the best of the best. All of these things ar just the benefits of what makes a true champion. You see, the real winners in life are those who have the courage to see the impossible. They are the people who overcome and persevere through all adversity. They learn from their mistakes, and no matter what, they never give up on their dreams. A true champion has VISION... Vision, by the way, is something I happen to have dealt with in my lifetime. My identical twin sister, Aly, and I were born two-and-a-half months prematurely. Barely tipping the scales at two pounds each, we were placed into incubators, where an over-exposure to oxygen left wing me visually impaired. (Aly was in a different incubator, so her hallucination has been unaffected.) Considered legally blind, I have no vision with my right eye, and very limited vision (20/600) with my left eye. I have no perception of depth, and rapidly decreasing vision beyond a few feet. In fact, as I pen this, my face is about one inch from the text. Growing up, Aly and I shared a special bond. Because her vision is normal, she took on the role of one who kept a watchful eye on me as she inspired my independence. She strengthened my will to overcome my disability, too, as we shared common competitive interests. Our relationship was strengthened up to now more, when at the age of 12, we embarked upon what was to capture one of the most rewarding endeavours of our lives to date. . . cheerleading. It may sound quite improbable that I would have become a cheerleader, particularly since I cannot even see the athletes I cheer for, but I never approached it that way. I simply saw cheerleading as an opportunity to see my dreams become reality. Dreams, as I learned rather quickly, do not just happen by themselves. So, I stayed late at practice quite often where I learned the true meaning of commitment. Strength training taught me self-discipline. My first back flip taught me perseverance. My first stunt taught me balance, in the most literal intelligence of the word, and my first injury taught me to deal with physical and emotional pain, but it also taught me how to heal.

Why Hamlet Needs To Die Essay -- Literary Analysis

Hamlets view of death morphs through the course of the play as he is faced with various problems and troubles that office him to deal with life differently. This holds particular significance for a modern audience who, unlike the predominately Christian audiences of Shakespeares time, contains an assortment of perspectives on the subject. For the majority of the play, Hamlet yearns for death, but thither are different tones to his yearning as he confronts death in different circumstances from his encounter with his fathers ghost to the discovery of his beloved Ophelia dead in the ground, Hamlet feels an irrepressible urge to end his life. There are obstacles that get in his way, both internal and external, and Shakespeares play is an account of Hamlets struggle with them.When we first check Hamlet, he is moping around Elsinore Castle on account of his fathers recent death and his mothers more recent marriage to his uncle. In the first act of the play, it has been two months sin ce queen Hamlet was laid in the grounda fairly short time ago in terms of grief, but not so pine that family members could not conceivably begin their lives again, as Hamlets mother has done in marrying her late husbands brother. Hamlet is still in mourning clothes, is wholly fixated on the release of his father, and is positively mortified and revolted by his mothers apparent indifference. In the plays first conversation between Hamlet and his newlywed parents, they chide him for his obstinate condolement for his father (1.2.93). They believe that Hamlets recollective mourning for his father is against not only the rule of nature, grace, or grace, but also heaven (Hassel 612). Thinking of death makes Hamlet an unpleasant person for the newlywe... ...zlw4MBx3Rc3yxAK4i00QEjov=onepage&q=&f=false.Gottschalk, Paul. Hamlet and the Scanning of Revenge. Shakespeare Quarterly, 24.2 (1973) 155-170. JSTOR Database. 13 Nov. 2009 .Hassel, Chris, Jr. Hamlets Too, Too Solid Flesh. The Six teenth Century Journal, 25.3 (1994) 609-622. JSTOR Database. 13 Nov. 2009 .Russell, John. Dust and Divinity Hamlets Fractured World. Hamlet and Narcissus. Cranbury, N.J. Associated University Presses, 1995. 39-50. Rpt. in Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Michelle Lee. Vol. 92. Detroit Gale, 2005. 39-50. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 14 Nov. 2009 .Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. The Bedford Introduction to Drama. Ed. Jacobus, Lee A. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 340-393.

African-american Troops In The Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts :: essays research papers

African-American Troops in the Civil War The 54th milliampere     The Fifty-fourth mommy was organized in early 1863 by RobertGould Shaw, twenty-six year old member of a prominent Boston abolitionist family.Shaw had earlier served in the Seventh New York National Guard and the SecondMassachusetts Infantry, and was appointed colonel of the Fifty-fourth inFebruary 1863 by Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew.     As one of the first fateful units organized in the northern states, theFifty-fourth was the object of keen interest and curiosity, and its performancewould be considered an important indication of the possibilities surrounding theuse of blacks in combat. The command was composed primarily of free blacks fromthroughout the north, particularly Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Amongst itsrecruits was Lewis N. Douglass, son of the famous ex-slave and abolitionist,Frederick Douglass.     After a period of recruiting and training, the unit proceeded to theDepartment of the South, arriving at Hilton Head, South Carolina, on June 3,1863. The regiment earned its greatest fame on July 18, 1863, when it conduct theunsuccessful and controversial assault on the Confederate positions at BatteryWagner. In this desperate attack, the Fifty-fourth was placed in the vanguardand over 250 men of the regiment became casualties. Shaw, the regiments youngcolonel, died on the crest of the enemy parapet, shouting, "Forward, Fifty-fourth"     That heroic charge, coupled with Shaws death, made the regiment ahousehold name throughout the north, and helped spur black recruiting. For theremainder of 1863 the unit participated in siege operations around Charleston,before boarding transports for Florida early in February 1864. The regimentnumbered 510 officers and men at the opening of the Florida Campaign, and its refreshful commander was Edward N. Hallowell, a twenty-seven year old merchant fromMedford, Massachusetts. Anxious to avenge the Battery Wagner repulse, the Fifty-fourth was the best black regiment available to full general Seymour, the Unioncommander.     Along with the First North Carolina Colored Infantry, the Fifty-fourthentered the fighting late in the day at Olustee, and helped save the Union armyfrom complete disaster. The Fifty-fourth marched into difference of opinion yelling, "Threecheers for Massachusetts and seven dollars a month." The latter referred to thedifference in pay between white and colored Union infantry, long a brainsick pointwith colored military man. Congress had just passed a bill correcting this and givingcolored troops equal pay. However, word of the bill would not reach these troopsuntil after the battle of Olustee. The regiment lost eighty-six men in thebattle, the lowest number of the three black regiments present. After Olustee,the Fifty-fourth was not sent to participate in the bloody Virginia c ampaigns

Time in Jane Austens Novels :: Time Austen Essays

Time in Jane Austens NovelsLets think about the function of cartridge holder in Jane Austens Emma. As it turns out, date is pretty central for Austen, but also quite problematic. For example, in Emma, Austen uses the rule book time 278 times within this 160,416 word novel. To make a random comparison, in Wuthering Heights 78,983 words, time is used 84 times, about half as often. Actually, that trend line is fairly representative of most of Austens novels. And certainly the novel Emma is fixed in time. It is, after all, the story of a year, from an October of nave ignorance to a following October of knowledge and wedded bliss. In other words, not surprisingly, things have happened over time. Yet time is not always a happy advantage for the characters. Note, for example, some of the collocates for the word time. These are words that appear within five words of time in the novel. The Z-score represents a probability factor. The higher the Z-score, the less likely it is th at the word is just a random occurrence or, put another way, the more likely it is that the word is directly connected with time.EMMA COLLOCATES OF TIMECollocates Sel. Collocate Type Zscore Node Freq Freqsome 38 265 15.670at 72 1032 12.911draws 2 3 8.574 wing 2 3 8.

Time in Jane Austens Novels :: Time Austen Essays

Time in Jane Austens NovelsLets think about the function of quantify in Jane Austens Emma. As it turns out, time is pretty important for Austen, but also quite problematic. For example, in Emma, Austen uses the word time 278 times within this 160,416 word fabrication. To make a random comparison, in Wuthering Heights 78,983 haggle, time is used 84 times, about half as often. Actually, that trend line is fairly representative of most of Austens novels. And certainly the novel Emma is fixed in time. It is, after all, the story of a year, from an October of nave ignorance to a following October of knowledge and wedded bliss. In other words, not surprisingly, things have happened over time. Yet time is not always a happy advantage for the characters. Note, for example, some of the collocates for the word time. These are words that appear within five words of time in the novel. The Z-score represents a probability factor. The higher the Z-score, the less likely it is that t he word is just a random occurrence or, put another way, the more(prenominal) likely it is that the word is directly connected with time.EMMA COLLOCATES OF TIMECollocates Sel. Collocate Type Zscore Node Freq Freqsome 38 265 15.670at 72 1032 12.911draws 2 3 8.574fly 2 3 8.

Quatitative Research Article Critique

In this article, Roy and Therin present the results of an empirical study investigating the relationship between an enterprises knowledge acquisition activities and its environmental commitment. The article identifies past interrogation connect to knowledge acquisition and environmental commitment and informs the reader that although much as been written ab tabu this subject businesses quell confused about how to adopt these environmental considerations. This study shows to be significant, practical and the results could be utilized in real-world business applications.The literature review was comprehensive, up to visualize and well organized. The authors were able to identify and relate previous research to the current conundrum. The review identifies many different ideas from a variety of sources all of which relate to the riddle statement. Activities specific to environmental issues should offer SMEs valuable knowledge to support their efforts towards a greater environmenta l commitment (Revel and Rutherfoord, 2003 Simpson et al. 2004) shows how an environmental relationship can help an enterprise. withal read thisCritique of Stuff Is Not SalvationThe study identifies four questions of focus to determine if small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can be evaluated on how their knowledge network relates to environment commitment. A hypothesis is established, expecting that firms that are more involved in regular scanning activities will demonstrate a higher direct of environmental commitment The methodology is clearly outlined in the study the desired population was SMEs from six different manufacturing sectors identified using the Quebec Industrial investigate Center database.Since these companies face direct involvement with environment issues they should be motivated to respond with un-biased and truthful responses. The data was gathered using phone interviews with senior administrators carried out by a specialized survey firm. The questions given in th e survey were measured by the responders perception of the knowledge management processes and the answers were evaluated using Likert-type scales. The research compiles results and uses the data to classify the enterprises as low or high environmental commitment.Since the study could result in a positive or negative effect to a companys business to can be questioned whether the responses can be completely valid. The authors provided precisely tabulated graphic and narrative evidence used to support the problem statement. Tables containing the various enterprise categories and their environmental commitment levels were provided and are easily understood. The sample consisted of 136 businesses and t tests were performed on independent samples and the significance levels were identified.All of the acquired results are closely related to the study questions and the information is interpreted accurately. This study confirms the authors hypothesis and provided excess information related to the subject. The authors did recognize the need to preform further research in order to better understand the relationship. There is no evidence that the external validity of this study should be questioned, it is clear that the study can be applied to a separate sample group and produce similar results.

Modern Communication Essay

As our modern generation continues to build and discover new ways to birth carriage easier, the USPS (United States Postal Service) is having trouble adjusting. They still go by traditional ways which is time consuming. People may no longer need their services because of the newly developed way called emailing. The net has provided a high-speed and cheaper way to send messages. Regardless, the USPS is an essential and simply needs to update their postal service.The USPS has been delivering for over two centuries and has greatly expanded their service across the country. They provided job opportunities and a big success with the cross-country rail system. The USPS has made it this far, so they should keep providing services everywhere in the United States. The world may be changing, solely we adapt to it. So can the USPS. at that place are some ways the USPS can meet the needs of the people. Source A (Stone) As listed and explained, people nowadays prefer to email. So the USPS s hould get into the emailing trend so their services could run a lot better. They can increase their services, advertise with coupons, and reorganize/motivate staff. The USPS should rebrand their confederacy or come up with a catchy slogan that reflects on their company that it is up to date and reliable. A new slogan can make a great difference today.Source C (OKeefe) The USPS talks about a projection that will confirm change for the business. Customers are leaning towards the internet and other standard-mail options rather than USPSs first-class mail. The USPS effort to gain what they had loss includes no Saturday deliveries, longer delivery times for letters and packages, higher-stamp prices and potential future layoffs. There will be flexibility and only changes that are necessary will be made.The article, Sending, Getting Real Mail Still Magic., Source F (Cullen) Kevin Cullen talks about his opinions on the plummeting business of the USPS and how he prefers old-fashioned deliv ery. According to him, emailing is fast and simple, and fast and simple is what were all obsessed with. It gets things done faster and makes life easier. Regardless, Cullen reveals the value in receiving handwritten documents and letters, because people care less about snail mail. He mentions that it simply costs 44 cents to send a thank-you beak from Danville to Sandybeach, Hawaii, or Alaska. A genuine bargain Cullen explains that written documents, letters, and records would last much longer. Emailing is efficient, but electronic records wont last forever. They arent as valuable as a solid document, on real paper. The USPS has been going through difficult times since they had stopped making profit in 2006. Thanks to Cullen, there is look forward to that theres someone out there who believes in old-fashioned delivery.Although we encounter faster ways to deliver our letters and send messages, I personally believe in hand-written letters. They have value and effort put into them. The USPS may be facing difficult problems due to vast technology but I believe they can make a comeback. There are many other people who probably have letters years ago, and cant be taken away by a simple, delete button. There are no faulty complications when it comes to documents. Anyways, the USPS can improve their business in many ways and increase their services.

Improving Listening Skill

NGO TH? THUY DUNG DH27AV03 TOPIC IMPROVING LISTENING SKILL FOR SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE FA CULITY IN BANKING UNIVERSITY abstract introduction literature review History of audition english skill A drawing review of literature related to language pick uping english methods shows that leran more more or less this in smart talk- a comprehensive set of tools to help you build stronger relationships and overcome communication obstacles (Lisa B. Marshall,2012. P. 4)In real-life listening situations(Louanne Piccolo,2012,para 1) most of the mouth language we listen to is informal, spontaneous and can contain many features like slurred speech, colloquial vocabulary and incorrect grammar. Listeners usually know in hike up someaffair about what is going to be said as they expect to hear something relevant to the context in which they find themselves. Speakers usually direct what they are axiom at the listener and take the listeners character and intentions into account w hen speaking.Naturally, listeners are normally speakers as well as we usually respond to what we are listening to by taking part in the conversation or by answering questions. A small amount of the listening we do is acquiree blindly by means of listening to the radio or talking on the phone. However, most of the time, there is something or someone to look at that is linked to what is being said. Listening in the Classroom is not the same as real-life listening but is as realistic a simulation of real-life listening as possible.Listening activities should be training students and preparing them for rough-and-ready functioning outside the classroom. They should also provide students with practice in coping with some features of real-life situations. Types of Listening Activities No overt response activities Students do not gift to do anything in response to the listening text. Often students facial expression and body language result betray what they have understood. Activities of this type include storytelling, listening to songs or watching movies and videos. Short response activitiesStudents dont only have to give responses verbally but can also respond by performing a task in response to instructions, ticking off items on a worksheet as they hear them being said, ticking off true/false answers in response to statements or writing down missing words from cloze exercises. Long response activities Students can engage in answering questions verbally about a listening text, taking notes from a mini-lecture by rewriting what you said in different words to the ones you used or writing a brief summary of a listening text. ( Larry M.Lynch,2000, para. 2) Study exploring listening english methods Slow your listening down. Take a minute to breathe and think about listening and to be aware and present. Listen from your head to your toes. Listen as if what you are hearing could change your life. Factoid We speak an average of 120 words per minute, but listen four ti mes faster. Your mind fills the gap by thinking of other things and wandering off. Stay focused. Slow down your listening and listen more than you talk. even up attention. Watch out for shiny objects Stay focused.Dont get distracted, but rather offer a statement of observation. For example say, It sounds like youre umbrageous (or sad/upset/frustrated, etc. ). Listen and watch for the tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions of the person youre talking to. (fred crane, 2000, p. 1) Get clarification. Listen first, then, ask questions. recover a way to view their story their facts, their feelings, and their perceptions. Say, Tell me more, or clarify by saying, help me understand, or do you mean to say that? If you still dont understand, ask again in a different way.Sometimes you may need to ask for different words. My daughter may say something like, the thing didnt work and its just not fair I may have to ask her to find a different word to use for thing to understa nd what she is trying to communicate. Paraphrase. Repeat in your own words what was said to make sure you understand. Try this paraphrasing technique What I hear you saying is or So you are saying that And then check for understanding. Say, Is that right? After listening carefully, respond genuinely. Dont fake it.An insincere response is worse than no response. Give non-verbal communication. Use eye contact and head nods to show your concern and interest. And, heres a tip a response that demonstrates you unfeignedly werent listening is not a good response. A simple change in the way we listen will change the way we understand and how we respond. Active listening will increase the odds of success at understanding what the real issue is. This may take some practice, but you will get better at it, and it may even transform a relationship or two. ( Betty Lochner on August 11, 2011)

The Battle of Hampton Roads

The Battle of Hampton roads had caused an unprecedented disaster to the United States navy until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. With the events following the affair, traditional marine war had been forever changed. Ironclad battleships had, for the first m, been used in a nautical battle and the people involved had found its place in American history.As the conjunction found it necessary for a give up of the main ports to weaken the pardner economy and win the war with as little bloodshed as possible, the helper had to find a fashion to keep stomach due north domination of the coastlines.Both the Union and Confederate forces had found themselves in the middle of a maritime arms race at the earlier stage of the American Civil War. Although the Union naval supremacy would non be complete until four years later, this naval arms race would be decided at that momentous battle on exhibit 9, 1862, through the face-off between the Confederates Virginia and the Unions Mon itor. Beginnings of Civil War The tension between North and South states on the question whether to every(prenominal)ow new states for the elaboration of the Union to be slave or free states caused the beginning of the Civil War.After winning the independence, America sought to expand their nation. The issue was a manifestation of the employment over the future direction of national development Would America move toward a free-labor capitalist economy and a democratic policy in all regions, or would a slave-labor plantation economy and a heirarchical society persists in half of the country? When Abraham Lincoln won the election in 1860, he plight to keep slavery out of the new territories towards the ultimate extinction of slavery everywhere in the United States.This naturally worried the South states and caused them to secede and bewilder a new nation they called the Confederate States of America. The Lincoln administration and the North states, on the separate hand, refused to recognize the legitimacy of the secession as it would discredit the root of a majority-rule democracy. Both the North and South were willing to fight despite the risks of casualties of war. Both considered the very survival of their respective nations and societies to be at s let. In his chip inaugural address, Abraham Lincoln explained the beginning of the civil war All dreaded itall sought to avert it. Both parties deprecated war simply one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came. The maritime Conflict Before Hampton roads Lincolns first order for the Navy was to set a blockade of the southern coasts. This was an adoptation of Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan, to win the war with as little bloodshed as possible.The blockade served to disable Souths economy. Controlling the Mississippi River would also effectively split the Southern states in two. The difficulty, however, rests on th e amount of the Unions warships they had only fewer than 90 at that time and there were about 3,500 miles of southern coastlines. The North had to purchase shipping vessels, strengthened their decks, loaded them with guns, and sent them to serve on the blockade. Note that the North did not demand a cutting-edge technology or sophisticated warships to serve in the blockade.They did not arrest to worry about keeping the Confederate fleet contain in their ports for the Confederacy had none to begin with. The blockade ended international shipments to and from the Confederacy which caused shortages in food and other goods for the South and ruined their economy. Futher much, the North had been increase the size of their fleet through the purchases they made which the Confederacy had no hope of matching. They had relied on commerce raiding through the acquisition of raiding vessels that destroyed more than than 150 Union merchant ship.But the Union Navy would get its way by targeting c oastal fortifications. This prompted the confederacy to find a way of supplementing coastal forts with a few ships that could stand up to a whole fleet of Union battleships and prevent them from dominating the coastlines. For the remainder of the war, the navy would be used to gain reinforcement to the opposing side. The war itself has had made its mark in history, and th battles that were fought within it. One such battles would be in Hampton Roads, a battle that was described in Craig Symonds book, Decision at sea Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History.The Confederate Plan The CSS Virginia Confederate navy reclusiveary Stephen R. Mallory hoped to supplement the coastal forts by acquiring a few ships whose defensive characteristics were such that they could stand up to a whole squadron of conventional Union warships. He wrote to his wife Knowing that the Union could build one hundred ships to one of our own, my policy has been to make such ships so strong and invulnerab le as would compensate for the inequality of numbers. Angus Konstam explained that Mallory realise that it was almost impossible for his Navy to break the Union blockade by conventional means, so he adopted a more radical approach, placing his conviction in squeezeclads and rifled ordnance. Mallory has urged the Confederate sex act to authorize the construction of an brassbound warship as early as May 1861. He wrote I see the self-possession of an iron-armored warship, as a matter of first neccessity. Such a vessel at this time could traverse the entire coast of the United States, prevent all blockades, and encounter, with fair prospect of success, their entire navy. The Confederacys lach of technology to create such a vessel caused a difficulty for Mallorys plan to succeed. He, however, sought a way to fulfill this and found the Merrimac. It was a steam frigate with a partially burned hull left and was raised from the bottom of the Elizabeth River. Mallorys plan was to build an iron casemate atop the wooden frame of the Merrimac. It was Lieutenant John Mercer Brooke who urged Mallory the construction of an iron-plated warship and submitted to him an initial design.Mallory wanted technical advise for the feasibility of the concept and sought the opinion of Naval Constructor John L. Porter, who happened to have a design of his own similar to Brookes. Mid-July found the reconstruction of Merrimac into the first operational ironclad. Porter supervised the refit as carpenters cut away the charred timbers and began to erect a frame for the casemate. Williamson focused on repairing the cranky engines. Brooke designed the rifled guns that would make up the ships armament, and he took charge of procuring the iron plate that would constitute its armor shield. The confederacy renamed it the CSS Virginia. Symonds explained that officially the Virginia was rated as a ram. A fifteen-hundred-pound cast iron prow had been bolted onto the ships bow just below the wate rline, and though it potruded only a few feet from from the ships stem, it made the ship itself, as well as its guns, a emfly lethal weapon. To command Virginia, Mallory chose Captain Franklin Buchanan. Buchanan had been a naval officer most of his life, have served in the US Navy for fifty years prior to Hampton Roads.Mallory had chosen him because he believed that Buchanan had the perfect combination of realism and boldness. He had hoped for great things to the experimental vessel and expected Buchanan to sieze the initiative, of which he was not failed. The Union Plan The USS Monitor The Confederates plan to build an ironclad battleship was no secret to the Union. news of the rebel activity r separatelyed Unions Navy Secretary prevalent Gideon Welles. Southern newspaper also kept Welles up to date on the hop on of Merrimacs reconstruction. He decided that the Union needed to construct a counter-weapon.The Congress approved an appropriation of $1. 5 million to construct three experimental ironclad warships and created the Ironclad Board. Welles and Mallory began a naval arms race for the control of a strategically critical body of water. Cornelius Bushnell presented a design of a more or less conventional frigate with iron plating. The Ironclad Board, however, were skeptical such that Bushnell sought the opinion of the nations most gifted maritime engineer. Instead, John Ericsson showed Bushnell a aimless battery that he himself designed.Bushnell reported to Welles that the country was safe because I had found a battery which would make us master of the situation as far as the ocean was concerned. A few months later, the Union ironclad battleship construction was underway. They dubbed it the USS Monitor. The key feature of this ironclad battleship was that it had a unexampled revolving turret with two high-calibered guns. It was the entire ships armament, but since the turrets could revolve, the guns could be pointed in whatsoever direction indep endent of the ships orientation. The Battle of Hampton Roads March 8, 1862Union Navy at Newport News Point found themselves being approached by what naval soldiers called the thing on the morning of March 8, 1962. The Confederate ironclad Virginia had crept menacingly out of the Elizabeth River to test its potential against the Union battleships. Its approach was not defined with stealth. Indeed, it run only with a speed of five knots in plain view and Union blockade could have easily avoided battle had they wanted to. The Virginia announced its coming with a black smoke emerging from its single stack. Un identical conventional battleships, it had no masts and no sails of any kind.A Union officer described its approach with the water hisses and boils with indignation as like some huge slimy reptile she slowly emerges from her loathsome lair. Symonds state that to most of the hundreds of observers watching from the shoreline, this smoke-belching, iron-plated thing was neither vesse l nor creature but a machine a giant, self-propelled, armored engine of war. The Union Navy prepared for an be battle. Symonds explains that whatever the soldiers mat up internally, outwardly they displayed confidence and grim determination. Even men on the Virginia felt the same, for most of the crew would only have combat in a ship for the first time. Eugenius goof, a third assistant engineer aboard Virginia wrote in his memoirs which spoke a general feeling of men in combat there are few men who do not feel some symptoms of fear when going into battle pride has kept many another(prenominal) a mans face to the foe, when his heart would turn it away. The Union had two major battleships The USS Cumberland and the USS Congress. These battleships mounted a total of seventy guns, as compared to the Virginias ten.Buchanan had the Virginia approach directly at Cumberland, intending to ram his vessel into the enemy battleship. Cumberland had two ten-inch pivot guns which Buchanan fe ared would be able to penetrate his vessels iron shield. During the Virginias lengthy transit, the Cumberland was able to fire several shots at it, date the Virginia was only able to return fire from one bow seven-inch rifle. The Battle of Hampton Roads on the morning of March 8, 1962 marked not only the battle between an ironclad and wooden battleships, but of men on ships and men in a ship.Men inside the Virginia could only imagine what was really happening outside. Jack described the events that followed the suspense was awful the dull reports of the enemy artillery, and an occasional crack and shake of the ship told that we had been struck I heard the sharp reports of our own guns then there came a tremor throughout the ship and I was nearly thrown from the coal bucket upon which I was sitting The cracking and breaking of her timbers told full well how fatal to her that conflict was. The Confederate ironclad Virginia had collided with the Union battleship Cumberland with such a force that men on both ships were knocked off their feet and caused a gaping hole at the side of Cumberland. A junior officer aboard Cumberland noted he once clean and beautiful deck was slippery with blood, blackened with powder and looked like a slaughter house. Despite the impairment, men in Cumberland continued to fire shots at Virginia while the ship was literally sinking. The crew on Virginia, on the other hand, had little time to celebrate yet.Symonds explained that for a few anxious moments it seemed likely that the Cumberland would take her assassin down with her. The Virginias ram had plunged so deeply into the Cumberland that, although Buchanan had immediately reproducible all astern, the ironclad remained embedded in the side of its sinking victim. Virginia was alarmingly tilted forward. It was saved when the period of James River swung its stern slowly to starboard, and with the resulting torque on the ships ram caused a section of it to break off, allowing it t o extricate itself from its mortally wounded foe. One hundred twenty-one of the 376 aboard the Cumberland has been killed outright from the fatal attack. The river current had pushed Virginia downstream, and crewmen aboard the other battleship, Congress, thought that the Virginia was fleeing. Much to their dismay, Buchanan was not yet done. His goal was to destroy the entire Federal squadron, as Symonds explained. He managed to turn his ship back to reenter Hampton Roads afterward forty minutes of hard manuevering and steadied for a course directly towards the Congress.Having witnessed the destruction of Cumberland, men aboard the Congress no seven-day doubted the seriousness of the threat and saw no hope of standing up against the rebel ironclad. The captain, Lieutenant Joseph Smith, Jr. , ordered to raise the anchor and steered the ship into school day water where Virginia could not follow and was safe from ramming. Virginia, however, had still guns to use. It pounded heavily o n the Congress until it was so utterly wrecked to render it useless and caused them to surrender. The surrender of USS Congress should have not posed a problem had the traditional naval warfare been observed.Buchanan ordered lieutenant William H. Parker aboard the gunship Beaufort to accept the surrender and burn the ship, of course, after letting the surviving crew escape and harboring the wounded, but when Parker complied, soldiers on shore began firing at them. Symonds explained that army troops were not inpressed by the traditions of the sea. Brigadier General Joseph K. Mansfield growled I know the d-d ship has surrenderred, but we havent, when a Federal lieutenant tried to stop him from firing at Beaufort. With Buchanans urging, Bob Minor volunteered to take the remaining boat aboard Virginia to burn the surrendered ship.To make sure there was no misunderstanding, Minor raised the white flag of truce, but no originally was he under way when the army at the shore began firing at him. Enraged, Buchanan ordered to reopen fire on the already disabled and incapacitated Congress. Symonds wrote that the Virginia fired three deliberate rounds of hot shot into the grounded hull of the Congress which caused the sun-baked hull to kindle fire. Soon the Congress was burning briskly, the flames running up its rigging and illumine up the roadstead, and at last the firing ceased, though the Congress continued to burn through the twilight and into the evening, Symonds continued.A total of 120 of the ships 434 had died that day. Symonds explains that each side felt the fury of violated honor to the events that followed the surrender of the USS Congress. He wrote To the Confederates, the Yankees were the guilty party, since they had fired on a white flag while officers attempted to take possession of a lawful prize. To the Federals, the Confederates were at fault, since they now opened fire on a grounded vessel full of helpless men, a vessel that was flying not only one but two white flags of surrender.This was where the time-honored traditions of the Age of Sail collided with the realities of total war in a mechanized age. For the rest of the war, and for decades afterward, each side would point an accusing finger at the other to charge that in Hampton Roads on March 8, 1862, the traditional rules of naval warfare thence the very ideals of chivalry and humanitywere sacrificed to a new template of modern war a mechanized war wihout rules, without restraint, without mercy, and without honor. The Virginia exchanged recollective-ranged shots with the USS Minnesota after relations with the Congress.Although there were still a few hours of daylight left and there were three more Union warship in the roadstead, it had already been a long day and the crew was exhausted. Buchanan agreed for a break and ordered the Virginia to be anchored at Sewalls Point, from which point it could renew the attack the next day. The Battle of Hampton Roads March 9, 186 2 The next morning revealed the devastation caused by Virginias rampage in Newport. It resumed its attack, this time targetting Minnesota. At this time, the Monitor, which arrived shortly after the battle the previous day, now made her appearance.William Swinton wrote that it was a moment of anxiety on the little craft, for there had been no time for drilling the men It engaged the Virginia with exchanges of shots, both of which proved to be futile as both ships appeared undamaged and unfazed from the firing. The Confederate Military History records that after some time, the Merrimac succeeded in ramming the Monitor, but her prow had been broken off in ramming the Cumberland the day before, and she did no harm. To the surprise of the crew of Virginia, the Monitor run off into shoal water where they could not follow.Having consumed most of its coals, Virginia was forced to retreat. To compare, the Confederate ironclad carried more guns than the Union Monitor, but it was slow, clums y, and prone to engine trouble. The Union prototype was the faster and more manueverable ironclad but it lacked the Rebel vessels brutish size and power. Neither ironclad caused serious damage to the other and the battle ended without a decisive victory to either side. However, the timely appearance of the Monitor prevented the Virginia from attacking more of the Unions wooden battleships and destry the blockade. ConclusionAlthough the Battle of Hampton Roads ended without a decisive conclusion, it marked a new age of naval warfare. Neither ironclads seriously damaged the other, but for the Union, it was a success because it prevented the Confederate to break the blockade. Having seen the potential of their prototype, the Union made several copies of the Monitor to win the war altogether. Symonds put it in a contest where weapons of war required the application program of industrial productivity, the Union states had an overwhelming advantage over their southern counterparts. Bib liography Battle of Hampton Roads. operable from http//www. civilwarhome.com/CMHHampton%20Roads. htm. Internet accessed 29, July 2008. Catton, Bruce and James M. McPherson, The Civil War. Mariner Books, 2004. Hampton Roads Battle of the Ironclad. Available from http//www. civilwarhome. com/ironclad. htm Internet accessed 29, July 2008. Konstam, Angus and Adam Hook. Hampton Roads 1862 Clash of the Ironclads Osprey Publishing, 2002. Lincoln, Abraham. Second Inaugural Address Swinton, William. The Twelve Decisive Battles of the War. Dick & Fitzgerald, 1867. Symonds, Craig L. Decision at Sea Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History. New York Oxford University Press US, 2005.

Evaluate the benefits for a company of practicing Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

I certify that the attached is my own work. Material drawn from early(a) sources has been acknowledged according to unit-specific requirements for referencing. Signature of student________________________________Date__25 June 2013___ Traditionally companies focus primarily on crystaliseing internet without regard for the friendship and environment. Ignoring the waste and pollution for face causes adverse impact for the social. Air pollution, for example, caused by factories with chemical materials can weaken respiration system. It was believed that the concern about environment fetchs extra expenditures reducing firms profit. Thus, they tend to override and ignoring the issue. In contrary, majority of the costumers expect more respects, supports, and cares from factories for the communities and environment. In addition, the authorities through policies has tried to force the corporations being care about their responsibilities. However, a concept including strategy to build a good relationship between corporations and their stakeholders has been introduced. corporeal social accountability (CSR), the concept, has been practiced and developed since the 1970s receiving good responses from government and society around the world. CSR to daylight is performed as a strategic management approached. A research by Preuss (2011, p. 23) mentions the 4Ps of innovative CSR on the basis of CSR project content, processes, positioning, and paradigm. A firm could receive worthwhile benefits through its CSR activities by being different from their competitors. Therefore, this essay evaluates the benefits of CSR to a connection through several examples of productive discoverment.According to Madzimure (2013) article, the benefits of CSR beyond financial return but provide strategy to protect firms sustainability. Organisation can uses this concept as instrument in humankind resources management, risk management, brand differentiation and pay offing an operation licen se (Madzimure, 2013). Preuss (2011, p. 19) defines the advantages of CSR namely, competitive advantage, which affording the firms reaction to external factors faster and better than the competitors, cost and risk step-down by building relations among stakeholders avoiding social problems, reputation and legitimacy, and synergistic value creation which bringing promotion value growth.Recent research from Galbreath (2009, p.111) explains that the CSR cover conglomerate associations consisting internal and external stakeholder as stakeholder theory. Hence, carrying the important roles in social and environment, corporations are expected to pay more attention about their responsibilities (Madzimure, 2013). However, byapproaching CSR from the beginning, both small and life-size corporation could find a number of advantages for an organisation, society and industry levels (Preuss, 2011, p. 25).Firstly, CSR helps the legal responsibility to comply with local, state, federal, and relevan t international laws (Galbreath, 2009, p.111). An article by Madzimure (2013) states that avoiding government hitch in their business through taxation or regulation is common with multi-national companies when they are doing business in developing countries. Being aware about community activities organisations can convince governments and publics. For example involving in education program, software comp all could have attention from the students. (Madzimure, 2013) Firms have to face additional behaviours and activities that society desired such(prenominal) as contributing party to social organisations, when they also can gain some advantages from it (Galbreath, 2009, p.111).Through paying attention with poverty a firm produce low price products contributing to the increasing of costumer demands. The benefits, moreover, affect both company and costumers. For example, conducting a discount for grocery purchase for their product, an instant food milling machinery can received growin g income and the society spends less expense. (Preuss, 2011, p. 23) To maintain good relationship with community, Fenn (2013) describes organisation can be a donator for local or bigger charity and thus, again, providing advantages for both sides.Secondly, Galberth (2009, p.118) argues that CSR benefits both to the environment and the organisation. This social project content is clearly focused on environmental side, which driving manufacturers has to replace heavy metals, solvents or new(prenominal) toxic ingredients with safer and natural materials (Preuss, 2011, p. 23). A pharmaceutical company could protect the environment by utilising waste water treatment, for instance, in their production process. As a result, the entire community may receive the advantages and the corporation will be able to avoid fines or disapproval federal pollution standards permission, because of healthier environment. former(a) example is, investing resources in cogeneration technology which processin g heat into energy, manufacture can substitute electrical power consumption for the local utility. Economically, both pulverization and communityspend fewer budgets for electricity. (Galbreath, 2009, p.118)Through CSR, manager can use improve employee satisfaction (Preuss, 2011, p. 25). Ingenhoff and Sommer, (2011, p. 85) founds CSR can also support employees activities, by providing educational improvement programme such as scholarship. Moreover, positive employee perceptions to the company can be improved by involving them in charity and fundraising activities or community volunteering (Madzimure, 2013). in force(p) employees can be maintained by trying to keep them motivated and loyal which may optimise organisation productivity. A firm can turn back their staff welfare plans in order to constructing community relationships. For example in a charity project, staff should be involved and part of the project. A passel from Net Impact found that working in the place where they c an contribute an impact was important to their choice and several of them indicate to take a pay cut to work for a corporation practicing CSR. (Fenn 2013)Fenn (2013) explains that CSR is about managing the relationships between employees, customers, supplier and stakeholder to produce positive impact on society, whilst gaining profits. AT&T and its foundation, for instance, connected CSR with specific business functions by establishing a family care fund that managed committee to support employees and their communities. The result is, not only improved the availability and quality of day care facilities, but it also widely used to solve union management disagreements. (Preuss, 2011, p. 24) Other example of the successful CSR implementation in a company is Walt Disney by creating the Green standard to engage and motivate the staff in reducing their environmental impact when working, having meetings, travelling and eating lunch. With more than 60,000 employees they succeed to achieve financial benefits from reducing 10% the corporations electricity use. (Fenn, 2013)The next success story is the well-known natural fragrance manufacture The Body shop class. A trend by this anti-chemical perfume widely accepted around the world. The founder, Anita Roddick, believes in the importance of environmental protection, animal rights, community trade and human rights, although The Body Shop Foundation started a struggle in finance. Thus, today The Body Shop reaches markets in the USA and Japan, create a loyal customer, and gain annual profits of over 40m. Having a similar idea, Haagen-Dazs and their natural ice creams created a website, started a social media campaign and donated a portion of proceedings to research about honeybees and its benefits in the chain food.In fact, the advertise helps society, companys CSR goals, showing humanity to consumers which likely to pay a premium price for charity reason. (Fenn, 2013) On the other hand, In the term of education, The She ll Foundation was involved to provide Early Learning Centre in the Flower Valley, South Africa which helping to educate both children and adults new skills. Considering the similar idea, Econet Wireless, a Zimbabwean multi-national company, offers education scholarships for any level students, supports football club around Africa and participates in HIV/AIDS education programmes. (Madzimure, 2013)In conclusion, although the consequence of implementing CSR experiencing expenditure increases, CSR contributes significant benefits not only for a company but also for stakeholder, society and environment. Some organizations both local and international level allocate funds for long investment for social responsibility, aiming to the better reputation and revenue. Primary, CSR helps the legal responsibility through convincing the society in other to obtain government trust. By satisfying customer demands, a firm also can create a loyal buyer and it is not impossible to better profits. Sec ondly, CSR economically benefits both to the environment and the organisation.The firm through differentiation has an opportunity to spread the market while sustaining the environmental sources. Through CSR, corporate could improve employees satisfaction, because well performance employees lead to optimal organisation productivity. World class corporations such as Walt Disney, The Body Shop, and Haagen-Dazs have practised CSR and experienced a successful achievement. Moreover, African company such as The Shell Foundation and Econet Wireless involve in educational support for children.Therefore, facing engaged responsibility from various(a) sectors, a company not only can maintain its sustainability but also, gain more advantages by implementing CSR. The old fashioned corporation which only concentrating to gain profit has not longer been primary evaluation to the decision makers because in the future social expectation will drive organisation in any part of the world contributing m ore important role in environment through CSR. ReferencesFenn, R 2013, Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable patronage Toolkit, 14 May, viewed 22 May 2013,Galbreath, J 2009, Building corporate social responsibility into strategy, European Business Review, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 109-127.Ingenhoff, D & Sommer, K 2011, Corporate Social Responsibility Communication A Multi-method Approach on Stakeholder Expectations and Managers Intentions, diary of Corporate Citizenship, Iss. 42, pp. 73-90.Madzimure, J 2013, Lets embrace corporate social responsibility, Nehanda Radio, 19 May, viewed 22 May 2013,Preuss, L 2011, Innovative CSR A Frame Work for Anchoring Corporate Social Responsibility in the Innovation Literature, Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Iss. 42, pp. 17-33.

City Life Essay

Hello I have a request for you to give me a feedback on my essay. Thanks in advance.Essay on urban center mannerssee morecity living vs country livingThe migration from the countryside to city areas is merely a new phenomenon. This is a historic transformation on a global scale that consists of village culture being rapidly replaced by urban culture. Nowadays more than half of the worlds population lives in the cities.The majority of the people migrate of the better employment opportunities, the medical and educational facilities but there are also other reasons like the fun attractions of city life. City life is far more interesting and appealing to young people than rural life with its theaters, cinemas, night clubs, restaurants, shopping centers, places where you can practice almost sport and pack a professional to help you out with it and all sorts of other things you can imagine.Nevertheless urban life has its disadvantages too.Those ensue from the fact that unavoidably lif e becomes more and more rapid in the city and that results in the way people act. They walk through life hurriedly without noticing the important things in life that are family and nature. They become more and more distant and loose their way to nature which leads to more and more medical conditions ensued by withdrawing from nature.Life in our cities will become more perturbed in the future. The main problem will be overpopulation therefore the streets will become crowded with people, it will take hours to get anywhere. Even if the traveling issues are solved overpopulation will result in many homeless people because there isnt enough space for e very(prenominal)body hitherto if skyscrapers are built to the sky. Other than that new technologies will develop even more and make life easier than today.In conclusion city life is very appealing but its developing rates are harmful for mans survival and future. Future generations will have to solve this problem.

Piracy Ruining the Music Industry Essay

For umpteen concourse, music is a large part of their lives. They listen to it to as often as they can. In their cars, while they work out, study, and many other(a) daily activities. But does anyone think about how important music is to those who work in the music industry? Some people buy CDs, others may buy digital copies online (often referred to as mp3s). However, there are others who download free copies of music from file sharing websites, such as FrostWire and Napster. This is a crime, and many people are not aware of it.There needs to more stringent measure to protect the music industry from these acts of piracy and copyright infringements. Piracy has touch on the music industry drastically over the years. It would appear all is well for those in the recording industry. However, the music industry is worth more than half of what it was in 1999 and the decline doesnt look as if it will improve. The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) reported that in 1999, th e revenue for music gross revenue topped $14.6 billion. Over time, lend revenue from U.S. music sales and licensing plunged to $6.3 billion in 2009 (Alexandra. The History of Recording Industry Sales, 1973-2010).File sharing is the reason for the decline in album sales over the years. Because it is so easy to get free music, people do not find a need to purchase it. In 1984, the Supreme Court, govern in the Universal City Studios vs. Sony Corporation case, that home recording of copyrighted materials, would be legal under the fair use provision (Stevens, Law of Cornell.). The last was made so that it would be legal for home users to make copies of copyrighted material without obtaining any permission of the copyright holder to do so. This ruling cover music, television shows, and movies. Many people argued that they wanted to be able to use the recording devices that they purchased. There needs to be new laws to reflect the change in technology since that time. In 1984 we did not have the different file sharing sites that gave people the opportunity to upload their recordings. Piracy is very popular in many countries.This is because many cultures are interested in the American lifestyle. It is very hard for other cultures to obtain American media, so they rely on file-sharing websites to stay connected. This has affect the American economy drastically. There has been a loss of around 71,060 jobs, a decrease of worker earnings of 2.7 billion dollars and a loss of U.S tax revenue of 422 million dollars. It is estimated that the cost of piracy in the global economy in 2012 was 35.4 billion dollars, and 12.5 billion dollars affecting the music industry individually. (Goldman, Musics woolly-headed decade Sales cut in half)The U.S. government has attempted to prevent piracy by bringing lawsuits against companies such as, LimeWire, Mega Upload, and Pirate Bay. Sites such as these may be stopped, but within months another company begins a similar or more-improved service. Would you go into a CD store and steal a CD? questioned an angry Britney Spears in an industry-funded advert. Its the same thing, people going into the computers and loggin on and stealing our music. Piracy is ruining the entertainment industry. The music industry has a diminished profitability, and significant job loss has occurred, and will only get worse, unless there are more stringent measures to regulate the internet and its file-sharing sites.

Disraeli’s policy during the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876 Essay

To what extent was portmanteau words religious belief the driving force behind his stress to sabotage Disraelis form _or_ system of government during the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876?Of all the Bulgarian atrocities perhaps the greatest1 was the pronounce Disraeli ascribed to portmanteau words 1876 pamphlet The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, which concentrated into a single utterance a profoundly excited public mood struggling for articulation.2 With the publication of this pamphlet, blend effectively undermined Disraelis constitution of unwavering bread and butter for the Turks in the face of the Bulgarian massacres, and emerged at the forefront of the Bulgarian upheaval.The pop pressure that ensued in the long run forced Disraeli to abandon any overt military support of the Ottoman Empire, and to annunciate neutrality in the issue. While the consequences of portmanteaus performanceion argon k immediatelyn, his reasons for involving himself in the debate a rgon questionable. Gladstones fervent spectral beliefs could have provided the main impetus for his involvement, exclusively different arguments, such as his intervention being an anti-Conservative political strategy, are perhaps more plausible inclined an mental test of the evidence.In examining this issue, it is important to understand the depth of contempt that Gladstone and Disraeli held for severally others extraneous policy. It was non their principles that differed both believed in a policy of non-intervention in European affairs except for in those that could impact British interests. However, their methods were entirely different. Disraeli believed very surdly in the ruling right and superiority of the set up aristocracy in Britain, and this certainly transferred across to his foreign policy, as illustrated by his endorsement of Austrian bluish Habsburg district in Italy in 1851. He felt that Britain had a duty to Europe as the wealthiest and virtually powerfu l Empire, and that this would better be served by preserving British influence and furthering the spread of the British Empire.Gladstone as well wished to preserve British interests, but often found this to conflict with his nationalism, sympathy with the unalienable rights of smaller nations to their nationhood3. In terms of Italy, therefore, Gladstone could non support Austrian rule be act it contravened his nationalistic beliefs, in spite of the fact that Habsburg mastery could have proved more beneficial to Britain. This is mirrored in his stance in the arbitration of the aluminum settlement Gladstone appeared to capitulate to American demands as opposed to backup British interests, as he believed that it was the most honorable course of accomplish. It was from these differences that the deep opposition to each others foreign policy was born. Disraeli precept Gladstones policy as counter-productive in terms of British interests, accusing him of abstracted to dismantle t he Empire, while Gladstone found Disraeli to be far too much of an imperialist and unreactive to the rights of foreign nations.Disraeli not completely poured scorn on Gladstones foreign affairs, but as well disliked his dogmatic religion. It is possible that the modern focus on Gladstone as a extremely unearthly politician was brought about by Disraelis very public attacks on his fervent religious beliefs. Disraeli held no subject but scorn for Gladstones religion, and talked with disdain of him always preaching, praying, speechifying or scribbling4. For Disraeli, Gladstone utilise his religion to mask his true intentions to appear pious while actually manipulating and manoeuvring his way through governing. mayhap it is Disraelis ferocity on ridiculing Gladstones religious beliefs that has inspired the concept that he was first-year and foremost a highly religious man.However, the general consensus is that Gladstones Evangelical upbringing direct to a strong sense of reli gious moralisticity that could be said to have permeated all aspects of his life, including his politics. In modern Britain it would rarely be expected for a Prime Minister to admit to religion influence their policies as Alastair Campbell famously declared, we dont do God. Blairs revelation that he ultimately looked to religion for his decision in declaring war on Iraq was fr take ined upon by many who felt that personal beliefs and convictions should not have an impact on decisions that will affect whole countries. However, in the far more religious Britain of 1876 this was not so controversial. Religious issues permeated every aspect of life, including law and politics.The attitudes of the day are clearly demo in the Bradlaugh Case, in which confirmed atheist and elected MP for Northampton Charles Bradlaugh was barred from winning up his parliamentary seat because of his refusal to allow in the religious Oath of Allegiance required for entry. This issue was disputed regularl y in parliament, showing the height of religious feeling of the time. Gladstone in particular make no privy of his religion, or of his beliefs that it was entirely applicable to politics. In his book The present in its Relations to the Church (1838), Gladstone raised the idea that religion and politics were inextricably linked the Church was the conscience of the State, while the State had a duty to lend its consistent, unwavering support to the Anglican Church. Although his views later changed to reject the exclusivity of the Church of England, throughout his life he retained the belief that religion should be hard ingrained in the track of the country.Gladstones beliefs caused him to take an ethical stance in foreign policy, which contrasted greatly with Disraelis firmly imperialist Beaconsfieldism that attempted to secure the best outcome for Britain, sentiments that prefigured the practical criticism of mixing religion and politics today. Disraeli and Gladstone held the grea test of contempt for each other in their foreign affairs, each believing the others policy to be entirely nonsensical and unworkable, attitudes that stemmed from their differing interests.While Disraeli held British interests at heart, Gladstone had a catholic largeness of vision and sympathy embracing Europe as a ethnic and spiritual community5 stemming from his views on the unity of the Christian church, and believed that European affairs should be conducted with the best interests of the community at heart. Although Disraeli felt that it was necessary to support the Turks despite their actions in Bulgaria in order to dissuade Russia from gaining power on territory on the pretext of moral intervention, Gladstone would have found this unwarranted according to his personal moral code and European sense, principally derived from the intense fervour of his Christianity6 as Magnus perceptively states, Gladstone felt that Disraelis interpretation of British interests excluded conside rations of justice, or of humanity7.It was not only Gladstones European sense that would have rendered support of the Turks inexcusable, but the very nature of the events taking place in Bulgaria. Gladstone consistently cast himself as a moral crusader in his policies, particularly regarding Ireland and in his opposition and criticisms of Beaconsfieldism. Following the brutal massacre of 15,000 Bulgarians, Jenkins argument that the moral Gladstone was impromptu seized with a passionate sympathy for the sufferings of the Balkan Christian communities8 seems plausible.Gladstone would most likely have been umbrageous by Disraelis initial denial of the rumours of the massacres, already believing Disraelis foreign policy to be aggressive, expensive and unprincipled. However, Abbot refutes Jenkins claims in stating that the part playedby Gladstones high moral principles has tended to be exaggerated9, and states that the vast majority of his moral outbursts in terms of foreign policy were made when he was in opposition. As a moral stance in foreign policy was a common one for the opposition to take at the time, this indicates that Gladstones intervention was possibly not entirely fuelled by religion.Gladstones role as a cabinet minister during the Crimean fight could have provided another factor in his intervention. The Treaty of capital of France that brought the war to a close increase the necessity for co-operation within the concert of Europe, as it had substituted a European conscience expressed by the incarnate guarantee and concerted action of the European powers10 for a pre-Crimean war guarantee of the protection of Christian minorities by the Russians. Turkey had promised better treatment for the Christians of the Ottoman Empire, and Gladstone felt morally obliged to control that the terms of the Treaty were not breached, particularly with reference to the protection of the Balkan Christians. Following Russias breach of the foul Sea clauses in 1870, Gl adstone was even more determined to ensure that the European Concert go along to function in its protection of the minorities.It seems flimsy that Gladstone wanted to preserve the terms of the Treaty of Paris for purely political reasons, as the maintenance of the balance of power within Europe required Russia to be contained, not encouraged to expand into the Balkans supposedly in order to protect the inhabitants. It is possible then that Gladstone intervened for the same reason as the Russians gave in order to protect the Christians from an alien nation with an alien religion that mistreated them. A sample from his pamphlet gives a clear indication of his attitude towards the Turks Their Zaptiehs and their Mudirs, their Bimbashis and their Yuzbashis, their Kaimakams and their Pashas, one and all, dishful and baggage, shall I hope clear out from the province they have desolated and profaned11.While this has racist overtones, it is voiceless to determine whether this is due to a difference in religion. Jenkins raises the possibility that Gladstone could have felt kind-hearted towards the Christians, but quashes it with the statement that Gladstone was stronger on the rhetoric of indignation than on detailed knowledge of what was mishap in the Balkans12, never having visited the area or displayed any previous interest in it. Indeed, on the force field of previous massacres of Christians, Gladstone had remained suspiciously quiet, despite episodes like the massacre of the Maronite Christians in 1860 which left between 7,000 and 11,000 dead. It seems unlikely that a wild desire to protect those of the same religion only appeared during this particular occurrence, particularly as Gladstone failed to intervene when the news of the massacres initially broke, waiting another two months to bring himself into the limelight.Although Feuchtwanger claims that Gladstones life in politics was a constant quest for God13, the historians emphasis on Gladstone as a sing ularly moral, religious politician is overly simplistic, and does not take into account Gladstones practical, political nature. There is an obvious practical angle for Gladstones participation in the Bulgarian Agitation propping up a declining Ottoman Empire was not a viable long term policy for Britain. The tradition of Palmerstonian foreign policy supported Turkish rule in the East, partially in order to maintain a balance of power in Europe, but mostly as a matter of self-interest in order to protect trade routes in the Mediterranean. Particularly following the Crimean War, the expansion of a dirty Russia would have been detrimental to British trade and to British power and influence within Europe. In the short term a strong Turkey would act as an efficient barrier to Russian expansion, but the Ottoman Empire had become increasingly taint and weak the Bulgarian uprising and subsequent massacre was not the only such occurrence.Moreover, overtly supporting the Ottomans would ange r the Dreikaiserbund of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia although it was best not to allow the alliance of these three countries to grow too powerful, neither was it commonsense to pursue a policy of mindless support for the Turks whose influence was already declining. Prior to the confirmation of the lawfulness of the massacres, Disraeli, advised by the pro-Turkish British ambassador Elliot, had made moves towards supporting the Turks against Russia, and even went so far as to dismiss the rumours of the massacres as coffee house babble. In sabotaging Disraelis policy by stir up public opinion, Gladstone effectively limited the options open to the prime minister and possibly prevented him from forming a dangerous alliance with Turkey.Furthermore, it has been suggested that Gladstone in fact saw a better rootage to the chore of Russian expansion than bolstering Turkey. From his attitudes towards Italy it is clear that Gladstone favoured nationalism, and believed that all peop le had the right to national self-determination. Blake claims that Gladstone was hostile to any sort of forward policy14, an unnecessarily harsh statement from the pro-Disraeli biographer in fact, in supporting nationalism, Gladstone proposed a solution ahead of his time.The creation of Balkan states was the solution used in 1935 to contain Russia, but it would have been equally applicable here. It could be argued that Gladstone was contradicting Disraelis policy because he could see a flaw in the debate. It is evident from his pamphlet that he wanted the Turks removed from Bulgaria, but further to this, Magnus claims that he repeatedly urged that the matter should be taken out of Russian hands15 and that this was a solution more realistic16 than Disraelis. Ever politically expedient, Gladstone intended to attack British support of the Turks as well as advocating Russian containment, reasserting the balance of power in Europe.Of course, it is entirely possible that Gladstone was si mply launching a direct attack on the policies of the government without any real moral or religious reasoning. A response not born out of righteous indignation or passionate sympathy for the suffering of the Bulgarians but of an attempt to make the government appear weak or badly led would explain his assure in joining the Agitation.Gladstones particular contender with Disraeli would have provided motive enough for such an attack the two men held the greatest contempt for each other, stemming from the repeal of the Corn Laws and the split of the Conservative party in 1846. Although their practical aims were often remarkably correspondent in foreign affairs, their ideologies differed vastly and each held the others principles in utter contempt. It would not be beyond the bounds of rational thought to assume that in sabotaging Disraelis policy the only thing that Gladstone intended to do was to make him look like a fool.It could be argued that even in this there was a religious mo tivation. Disraelis Jewish background has led to the suggestion that his anti-Russian foreign policy had more to do with anti-Christian feeling. Feuchtwanger claims that Gladstone was aware of this and distrusted Disraeli for it all his deep suspicions about Disraeli were aroused he now even suspected him of being influenced by Judaic sympathy for the Turks and hatred of Christians17, although Blake dismisses such suspicions as crocked18. At a stretch, the poor relationship of the two politicians could also be said to have its root in their differing religious views. Gladstone may have resented Disraelis conversion from Judaism to Christianity, which could be interpreted as only having been undertaken for social gain and not true faith.Shannon suggests that Gladstones return to the political world could have been for selfish reasons that he wanted to restore his bond of moral rapport with the masses19 and adds that it was less a case of Gladstone kindle popular pressure than popu lar pressure exciting Gladstone20 rather than Gladstone carefully crafting his attack on Disraeli, he merely saw an opportunity to join the virtuous passion21 sweeping the nation and manipulate it to his advantage. Again, this would explain the delay between the beginning of the Agitation and Gladstones involvement. His action in publishing the pamphlet pull him back to the forefront of political life, and his continuing focus on the Midlothian campaign throughout the next quaternity years was an important factor in ensuring his re-election as Prime Minister in 1880.Many historians keep back with Shannons interpretation that Gladstone wanted to reforge his links with.mass audiences22, but disagree on the reasoning for this. Shannon and Blake are both of the opinion the Gladstone simply seized upon the opportunity to take part ina moral crusade23 in an attempt to inject himself back into the contemporary political field. Although the consequences of his action suggest that this is a realistic motive, and that he could have chosen to speak out against Disraeli to ensure his own self-advancement, this does seem unlikely considering Gladstones character Blakes portrayal of Gladstone is excessively negative, probably due to his pro-Disraeli sentiments.The perhaps more reliable Jenkins contradicts these claims of intervention for self-advancement, as It did not follow that what he did was project for his own convenience24 and claiming that he was driven on Bulgaria by the same sort of simple force which had seized him at the time of his Neapolitan pamphlets25. This is a far more accurate judgement given the evidence Gladstone constantly looked to his moral principles in seeking to do what was best for Britain and for Europe, and it seems unlikely that he would have stirred up such a commotion merely to return himself to the forefront of political affairs.Shannon states that Gladstones first love had been the Church, and to the Church he remained ever faithful26 , but despite the politicians overt Christianity historians are unable to agree on the extent to which his religion impacted his policies. In terms of his reaction to the Bulgarian Atrocities alone, numerous theories have been put forward as to the cause his animosity towards Disraeli, his strong belief in nationalism, a wish to unite with the masses protesting a cause. Although these theories are superficially disparate, a closer examination reveals that they are all underpinned by Gladstones strong sense of morality. This morality caused him to reject Disraelis policies as unprincipled, to campaign for the creation of the Balkan states and to view Europe as a spiritual community that Britain had an obligation to protect and preserve. Ultimately, Gladstones politics were motivated by morality a morality derived from his fundamental, unwavering religious beliefs.1 Blake, R., Disraeli, St. Martins, 1967, p.6022 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.1103 Abbot, B.H., Gladstone and Disraeli, Collins, 1986, p.9545 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.46 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.57 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2001, p.2408 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.4019 Abbot, B.H., Gladstone and Disraeli, Collins, 1986, p.2210 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2001, p.23911 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British semipolitical Biography, 1975, p.18312 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.40413 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British Political Biography, 1975, p.1314 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martins, 1967, p.76015 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2002, p.24116 Ibid.17 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British Political Biography, 1975, p.18118 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martins, 1967, p.60019 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation, 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.1320 Ibid. p.11021 Ibid. p.10722 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Ma cmillan, 2002, p.40623 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martins, 1967, p.60024 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.40125 loc. cit.26 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.3

Psychological Mindsets in the Black Cat, My Last Duchess

The reality of demeanor is that at some point it get out each(prenominal) come to an end. End, one referencing it to when one is pronounced dead. Since close is unavoidable, we must take into account demolition because it is the finalization of our lives spent on this earth as considerably as an account of the way we left this world. There are numerous ways that one do- nonhing leave this world, some die peacefully while others may die by force.The following will reveal the psychological mental capacitysets c erstrning remnant as readed in Poes The s just nowtocksdalous fat power point, toastings My Last Duchess, and Dickinsons Because I could not Stop for Death, and the ramifi couchions of perverseness, disdain, and timeless existence In The ominous Cat, Poe uses perverseness to explain the fibbers pursuit to murder Pluto, the black cat, and eventu anyy his wife. The narrator had once loved animals, scarcely alcoholism contributed to his change of temperament and irritableness, which overhaul to the abuse of his pets and his wife.His reasoning for gouging Plutos eyes out, and consequently murdering the animal was because it loved him as he rejected it. The narrator had a sniff out of self-loathing and self- abhorrence that made him want to continue doing ruin to Pluto, which we identify to be This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to my final overthrow. It was this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself-to offer violence to its own character- to do wrong for the wrongssake only- that urged me to continue finally to consummate the injury I had inflicted upon the unoffending brute (Poe 138).After the death of Pluto, another cat who resembles Pluto, but with an added splotch of white fur becomes the narrators bleak pet, which fills the void of the narrators loss of Pluto. The new cat begins to disgust the narrator By slow degrees these feelings of disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatredI came to look upon it wi th unutterable loathing, and to flee silently from its odious presence, as from the breath of a pest(Poe 140). The narrator doesnt inflict harm on the cat for a while because it reminds him of Pluto and his detestation deed.Although, the narrator feels shame and guilt he is not remorseful of his actions due to his perverse spirit because real Evil thoughts became my sole inmates-the darkest and most evil thoughts. The moodiness of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and all of mankind (Poe 141). The narrators soul, which is full of madness and hatred, led him one day while his wife came with him to run some errands into the cellar, to attack the cat in rage. The cat had somehow made the narrator motivate as he followed them into the cellar and this ignited fury from the narrators soul.His wife haltped his enterprise to hit the cat with an axe and because of his wifes actions, his madness shifted Goaded by the interference into a rage more than demoniacal, I withd rew my arm from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain (Poe 141). Poe uses the formula of perverseness in many of his other works as well as The Black Cat to portray To an ambiguous balancing of forces of attraction and repulsion (the seductive pull towards self destruction) (Ketterer 28).This is the reason why the narrators perverse spirit caused him to murder with not much of a thought of remorse, but that he had committed a deadly sin, in which he found comfort in because what he was doing was leading him to his own self-destruction. alike, the narrator can be depicted as a victim to his mind, which led him to murder because when one reads Poes stories in that respect tends to be an account where the imaging, then verbal expression pee-pee the fiend that overtakes the narrators reason. ccording to the storys analysis of the souls faculties, the human imagination creates a tangible, readily perceptible being (Bieganowski 176-177). The narrator can be considered a victim, be cause the reader can read that he is helpless and sick to the perverse spirit that becomes his nature. The narrator constantly in his mind goes through with(predicate) the continuous tugging between right and wrong and good and evil, till he finally wants it all to conk out and in his mind, everything is distorted to do evil, in order to cease the tugging.In My Last Duchess, Browning uses the motive of pride to provide the Duke of Ferras reasoning for why he has his wife killed. In the beginning of the poem, the Duke of Ferra is addressing an ambassador, when he brings up a paint on the contend of his last Duchess. As his last Duchess is depicted, the Duke describes her as finding enjoyment in the little things and not of the things he gave her. Furthermore she did not value his name nor admire him.By the fountain of the poem, the Duke of Ferra has shown his own insecurities about his last Duchess because he couldnt obtain her and therefore the picture of her on the wall is now his dominance over her. As the duke talks of his Duchess, her actions in someway displeased him as she did a number of things wrong A heart-how shall I say? -too soon made glad, too easily impresssomehow-I know not how-as if she ranked my gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name(Browning 513). The Duke of Ferra is possessive, as well as proud and proud in nature.Due to his character and mania the Duke took everything his Duchess did as an offence because he wasnt in pick up and so his pride led him to believe Even had you skill in speech-which I control not-to ask yourwill quite clear to such an one, and say you disgust me hereyou miss, or there you exceed the mark-and if she let herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse-even then would be some stooping and I consume never to stoop (Browning 513).The Duke of Ferra fair(a)ifies killing his wife before even mentioning that he has had her killed because in the Dukes mind he sees the Du chess smiles as incriminating. He thinks this because she didnt just smile for him, but others as well, which is one of the jealousies that consumes him. The Dukes jealous and possessive nature arouses his mania to be in complete control of a being, in this case his last Duchess. With all the Dukes frustrations and concerns about his last Duchess off his pectus and because of his own sense of pride for her to be what he wanted her to be I gave commands then all smiles fireped together.There she stands as if alive (Browning 513). The Duke refers to his last Duchess as standing there as if she was alive as a means to show his vain character. When the narrator looks at his last Duchess, he doesnt just see in the painting the picture of her, but the painting is just another valued object, in which he is proud to possess. As pride is depicted for why the narrator went so far as to have his last Duchess murdered, the narrators actions can be self-evaluated to constitute the emotion of pride that overcame his judgment.With emotions there is more than the substantial basis to how one feels They are adaptive patterns of behavior arising from a souls appraised relation to ongoing events beginning with appraisals of notable changes in an individuals goals, motives, or concerns (Tangey and Fischer 65-66). From this explanation of emotions, the narrator adapted his sense of pride from his careful watch of his wife as more and more things that she did pique him. The narrator took into consideration every action his wife did from her smiles to her otal unawareness of the narrators notable name. Also from the explanation of emotions one can understand why the narrator didnt simply just have his wife murdered swiftly when he was displeased with her the first time. The narrator came to a gradual conclusion to have his wife murdered because of his emotions of pride and the sense of mania that grew from the displeasure of the ongoing events of his last Duchess, which lead h im to believe what he couldnt control, was a problem.Therefore, the narrator murders his wife due to the emotion of pride, which is defined On the basis of a growing literature, we suggest that pride is generated by appraisals that one is responsible for a socially valued outcome or for being a socially valued person. Pride comprises action tendencies to enter ones worthy self or action to others such as a freehanded smile, beaming face, erect posture, celebratory gestures or comments, and comments that call attention to the selfs accomplishment. Internal reac-tions complicate increased heart rate and skin conductance as well as an erratic respiration.The subjective determine of pride involves an experience of ones body or self as taller, stronger or big (Tangey and Fischer 66). In Because I could not stop for Death, Dickinson uses death to depict a seducing trip to eternity. From the first lines of the poem they predict the urbane and smooth passage from death to a place of e ternity Because I could not stop for Death- He kindly stopped for me- the Carriage held but just ourselveles- And Immortality (Dickinson 541). The Carriage driver is then depicted as being civil and courteous to the narrator.As the perambulator driver is victorious her close-hauled and closer to death, the narrator passes childhood like memories till eventually they stop at her grave We passed the school, where Children strove at recess-in the coteriewe passed the Setting Sun- or rather-He passed Us( Dickinson 541). Then the narrator describes what she is wearing, which is a gossamer, a tippet, and a tulle that shows she is under dress because she begins to quiver and expresses the sudden chilliness. Then the carriage driver stops. One can imagine its a stop at the grave for we can conclude that the scenario is now darker and colder.The narrator uses the description of the house to depict the grave. The square stop is the actual death of the narrator. The last stanza talks ab out the horses head that is pointed to eternity. This last part is in recognition that the narrator is guessing shes headed towards eternity. We can infer that this whole experience for the narrator was a natural occurrence. We can also infer that since the carriage driver was courteous and civil, and created the whole attraction to death, that the narrator is going towards eternity.Furthermore since death for the narrator was a positive experience we can conclude that she will reach eternity. The occurrence of death in this story is linked to eternity. When one thinks of eternity it is a positive thought to what happens after our death. Therefore the whole experience of the carriage driver taking the narrator to her death had to symbolize the positive place that she would go next. This poem uses the seductive and attractive nature of the carriage driver to lure the narrator to her death, to the point where she doesnt realize that she is dying because it came so naturally.The carria ge driver is the male persona in this poem, because he creates a gentleman like approach to the narrator. To Dickinson death was an important part of many of her works. Emily Dickinson had an obsession for what happens after this animateness. This is one of the main inspirations for why most of Dickinson poems and stories splay around death. This poem specifically Because I could not stop for Death, uses her ideology For Dickinson, thought does not stop just because death cannot or does not appear.Thus the thought-poem proceeds to figure death out in at least two ways, both of which rely on narratively precise imagery one facing deathtwo the poet enacts through imagery the leap into the unknown of death (Deppman 3). In Because I could not stop for Death Dickinson also uses This category of personification carries two implications first, that death becomes positive, becomes a thing or person and not an ab- sence or cessation, and second, that there is a relation of self to another beyond death (Death, the gentleman).All of the to a higher place maybe interpreted as strategies for a creative death-into-life approach (Nesteruk 28-29). Death was used in the stories of The Black Cat, My Last Duchess, and Because I could not stop for Death. The psychological mindset of death depicted in each story or poem explained why the narrator or the protagonist acted the way they did. In The Black Cat, Poe created a narrator whose perverse spirit led him to not only murder his cat, but his wife as well, in this mind debilitating circumstance where the narrator is leading a life towards self-destruction.In My Last Duchess, the Dukes pride drove him to murder his last Duchess and possess her as a painting that he is proud to own. In Because I could not stop for Death, Dickinson uses a carriage drive to get the narrator towards her death, then eventually eternity. Works Cited Page * DiYanni, Robert. Literature Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. unused York McGraw-Hill , 2008. Print. * Ketterer, David. Edgar Allan Poe Life,Work, and Criticism. Canada York Press, 1989. Print. * Tangey, June P. , and Fischer, Kurt W. Self-Conscious EmotionsThe Psychology of Shame, Guilt. Embarrassment, and Pride. New York 1995.Print. * Bieganowski, Ronald. The Self-Consuming Narrator In Poes Ligeia And Usher. American Literature 60. 2 (1988) 175. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. * Nesteruk, Peter. The Many Deaths of Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson daybook 6. 1 (1997) 25-43. Project Muse. Spring 1997. Web. 28 Nov 2012. * Deppman, Jed. Dickinson, Death, and the Sublime Emily Dickinson Journal 9. 1 (2000)1-20. Print. * Schubert, Johan. Between eternity and transience On the significance of time in psycholoanalysis 26 May. 2001. Web. 28 November. 2012 14 Research Paper slope 1100C-7 Professor De Marco November 19, 2012

Key Problems and Issues Facing Hong Kong

Contemporary touristry Issues Topic TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE touristry KEY PROBLEMS AND ISSUES FACING HONG KONG Introduction Unquestionably, Hong Kong is a blessed land where possesses prosperity and most of the elements of existence a world class cosmopolitan which has successfully attracted visitors over years, especially from the mainland by emphasising our world-class shopping, dining and another(prenominal) urban attractions (Lam, H. , 2004).Despite the flourishing scene of the tourism industry, the volatile tourist markets and growing competition from S discoverheast Asian countries and neighbouring destinations have posed new-fangled challenges to Hong Kongs tourism industry. In order to strengthen Hong Kongs part as a preferable Asian tourist destination, in youthful years, Hong Kong authorities has started paying more than attentions to sustainable tourism payable to the rising environmental consciousness worldwide and tourists growing interests in the new forms of t ourism, namely Eco-tourism and Cultural Tourism.Projects and campaigns, such as the schooling of Hong Kong Wetland Park, the launch of Cultural Kaleidoscope and Nature Kaleidoscope experience programmes, and publishing tour guidebooks- Discover Hong Kong Nature and Discover Hong Kong by Rail were introduced to promote green tourism and heathenish tourism (GovHK, 2009). These promotion schemes have been launched with the aim to sustain the tourism industry by diversifying the tourism products to supply to the changing and diverse needs of inbound tourist market.Despite the development is on track of get acrossd produce which has aroused tourists interests to look at the other sides of Hong Kong, many issues ar needed to take into consideration referable to the complex nature of sustainable tourism and the large number of stakeholders involved in. There is criticism from ordinary that throughout these schemes, little attention has been paid to develop the tourism as a whole and a truly sustainable one since the schemes are still carried out in a loose elan without a thorough insurance policy. The most significant issues are environmental ustainability and ethnic sustainability due to the most recent focus of government on these issues and their importance to the sustainable development. Environmental Sustainability Country parks and nature reserves make up 40 percent of Hong Kongs total land area of some 1,100 square kilometres (Ling, 2007). Regarding the congener ample resources and the initial success of Wetland Parks, Hong Kong government recognized the green potential in Hong Kong tourism and has crisply proposed numbers of Green initiatives tardily, such as the Lantau North Country Park and Marine Park, Geoparks as vigorous as cycle tracks and mountain bike trails.However, regarding these proposed projects, inadequate concerns have been given to the carrying capacity of these natural resources as closely as the cost of construction. It is found that the preservational practices are not carried out in a exigent manner as a case in Kam Tin Wetland and Hoi Ha Wan marine reserve, which are two well-known bionomical attractions in Hong Kong, were reported in suffering wastage problems (Cheung, 2006).Another typical example is a member of Advisory Council on the Environment opposed to the proposal of Lantau North Country Park concerning the development of transport linkage of Tung Chung Road would damage the ecology of the areas. It aroused conservationists concern that governments overemphasis on bringing in the tourist dollars will keep tourist agencies and residents focused on generating large projects but putting little concern on making low-impact sustainable tourism (Crets, 2006).From the projects being carried out or proposed, it shows governments interests on large scale investment but not a great deal effort and support given to the details, such as the carrying capacity of the ecological resources. It impli es government emphasized on the profit making and lacked of a whole-heartedly attitudes towards sustainable tourism. There is no doubt that green tourism has a large potential to become one of the major tourism sectors in Hong Kong with its educational and sustainable content as well as the economic benefits resulted from the rising awareness of this market.However, sustainability should not put mainly on the economic side since sustainability of tourist attractions, i. e. , the ecological sites and the inheritance, is the core valuate of sustainable tourism. Although the government claimed that it has been keen on promoting green tourism in Northeast New Territories and outlying islands having regard to the principles of nature conservation and sustainable development. (GovHK, 2009), it is doubtful that, regarding its policy on green tourism, whether Hong Kong government has a clear and accurate vision for aggregate tourism that will incorporate the natural environment. Tourism should be regarded as a tool for ecological and heritage preservation but not the other way round, otherwise at that place is no uncoiled meaning of sustainable tourism. Apparently, there is still much room for improvement regarding the policy as more concern and control should be placed over the environmental sustainability so as not to overthrow the economic sustainability on the environmental sustainability.The success of green tourism is largely dependent on metier of government on supply and way to minimize the impact to environment and the effective distribution of ecological resources. One of the measures suggested to the government is to have strict control on the environmental conservations instead of focusing on constructing more attractions and promoting the markets. The carrying capacity of the green attractions should be carefully studied and controlled by imposing strict regulations on the visitor numbers and their behaviours.Besides, due to the rising demand, ec o-guides demand is stretching, thus setting legal standards for eco-guides as well as providing training for nurturing the expertise are in urgent needs to cope with the stretched demand as well as to educate the appropriate behaviours in the ecologist attractions (Chong, 2007). Cultural Sustainability Due to the diversification in Hong Kongs culture which is positioned as East-meet-West, Hong Kong has been recently facing the demands of constructing an identity reflected in choices about what heritage to conserve and how to set up it (Henderson, 2002).With the current trend of globalization and mass movement of people, issues of cultural identity and cultural preservation continue to be explored. Recently, Hong Kong has been keen on developing attractions to enhance Hong Kongs cultural image, one of the fine examples is the proposed cultural venues, the West Kowloon Cultural District. Besides building new cultural venues, preserving and promoting Hong Kongs tangible and intangible heritage are accounted as other measures to showcase Hong Kongs mixed culture.Examples like preservation and development of the origin Marine Police Headquarters in Tsim Sha Tsui into a tourism facility by the private sector, 1881 hereditary pattern, and HKTBs promotion of traditional Chinese customs and festivals such as the Tin Hau Festival show in Yuen Long and Cha Kwo Ling, Tam Kung Festival in Shaukeiwan, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival and the Birthday of Lord Buddha celebrations at Po Lin Monastery. Despite these efforts, several problems are found regarding Hong Kongs culture and heritage sustainability policy.It is found that Hong Kong has been comparatively slow in developing its potential heritage sites into tourist attractions, as seen in the controversy over the fate of Tiger Balm Garden and the Central Police Station. tally to Chu and Uebegang (2002), the sluggish and passive repartee of government reflects the lack of political will due to a lack of collar of the principles of heritage and its potential. The governing body believes heritage conservation should be driven by tourism and economics and not treated in the same way as other social and education services.Even with the setting up of Heritage Tourism Task Force which is established in 1998, there have been very few recommendations proposed by the project force. Some critics have blamed on its lack of leadership and lack of influence in the government bureaucracy (Chu and Uebegang, 2002). Other problems implied in the policy of government are lack of a broad-based, long-term conservation policy, lack of a clear priorities and inadequate co-ordination of government departments involved in present heritage conservation practice.Besides, in most cultural heritage development, public involvement in decision-making is absent. Regarding these problem, it is essential for government to trade its attitude and strike for a more holistic vision and policy towards the cultural heritage conser vation. It is due to the challenge faced by Hong Kong that it has long promoted its culture as an exciting fusion of East-meet-West and traditional-meet-contemporary, which may front it falling in a danger of overemphasizing on international style attractions and a loss of veridical distinctiveness.Development may follow a common path to create uniform of tourism features which convey confusable image to the tourists. Therefore, the cultural and heritage conservations are essential in the tourism development as it helps to offer a unique sense of place and difference as intrinsic merit to secure its war-ridden advantages and reposition the image besides an international metropolitan with the colonial history. Apart from these problems of fragmented policy and vision, the management issue of the cultural heritage has been another concern by the conservationist and researchers.Since the cultural and heritage tourism requires a cautious approach with sensitivity, research, and co rporation involvement due to its core value is to convey the value to and engage present generations without betraying the spirit of the previous generations experiences. It is important and beneficial to involve the participation of those people and groups who are most closely related to the significance of the heritage area. Without this, it is difficult to achieve substantive conservation. In Hong Kong, there is lack of cooperation with and involvement of the local anesthetics or the significant cultural group.It is, therefore, suggested to involve the local community at the planning and operation train which can enhance the sustainability of the projects as well as prevent the problem of being too commercialized which affecting the authenticity and integrity of the heritage. Referring to the need of involvement of local community, certain level of empowerment is essential which can be regarded as community based tourism. It broadly described as responsible travel to natural ar eas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. It requires tourism activities to be principally developed and operated by members of the local community and that revenues from tourism remain within the local community. Respect for local culture, heritage and traditions is imperative. CBT teaches the visitor to behave responsibly and respectfully towards nature and native culture, and offers activities that give the visitor an understanding and appreciation of the area without degrading it. Most importantly of all, it can reserve the sustainable resources and reduce the impacts to the community daily life at the minimum level.Conclusion Tourism is most ideally suited to adopt sustainability as a guiding philosophy in sustainable developmemnt (McKercher, 2003). However, mismanaging sustainable tourism will turn it into a curse as it will damage the ecological and heritage attractions in more direct ways. According to McKercher (2003), sustainable tour ism is built around four pillars of tourism, namely economic sustainability, ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability and local sustainability, all these four elements must be addressed if we are to achieve sustainable tourism.It is found that recently Hong Kong government is striking for sustainable tourism, however, there is a lack of broad view and holistic policy to support the efforts. Unregulated short-term initiatives which serve the narrow interests of powerful forces in the industry may expose the sustainability and longer-term tourism potential of many communities upon which majority interests are based (Brohman, 1996). It is therefore important for government to be aware of the future planning must be holistic, strategic and long-term.Laws, procedures and systems for planning, preservation, development and management should be familiarized or created to ensure that the development of the project is undertaken in ways that are consistent with the principles of sustainability. Besides, all these should be applied to a culture of caring for the environment, therefore the concepts of preservation and sustainable development should be fostered and promote within the government and the community so as to ensure the true and holistic meaning of sustainable tourism.