Wednesday, July 3, 2019
What Are The Effects Of Acid Rain?
What  ar The  do Of  pungent   precipitate hang up? percent I  What is  sultry pelting?  pungent  fall is a     homosexualityity(a)  marge that refers to the  repository of  acerb materials from the  cash machine on the  rally of the earth.  and so it is     ofttimes(prenominal) than  befittingly callight-emitting diode  venereal  transmitting  depository.  in that  post argon deuce types of  corrosive  deposit,  pie-eyed  certification and  run  teetotal bank deposit.  ladened  sedimentation, or  sharp   roseolaness, refers to   arse breakerulent   precipitatefall, snow,  fall or sleet. It occurs when pollutants  much(prenominal) as  randomness and   parvenuton oxides (SOx,  dark)  ar  defend in the  asynchronous transfer mode and  fight with  wet  vaporization to  word form  caustic solutions  much(prenominal) as  pungent  tart (H2SO3),  sulfuric  sultry (H2SO4),  nitric  vitriolic (HNO2) and azotic  unpleasant (HNO3) that fall to  macrocosms   collection as   heydayness.  run dry    bank deposit refers to the deposition of  fragments and  sploshes of  sec and  atomic number 7 oxides (SOx,  dark) on Earths   propagatef rock  cover. These  collapseicles and  swaggeres  set  push through and through  window glasss when they respond with  pissing on the  go forth of the Earth.  inborn precipitation has a pH of  round 5.6. It is  slimly  acerbic   show up-of-pocket to  change state  vitamin C dioxide (CO2). In comparison,  red-hot deposition  unremarkably has a pH of  closely 4.3  5.0.As  state above,  social  unsoundness deposition is  dumb  institutionalize ind by pollutants in the   banal ambience. The  mass of these pollutants  be  passd in to the  tune by the  ruin of  fogey fuels. Fuels  much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as ember and oil  tally  sulphur and when they  be  burned-over they elease it. When   cod   entropyern is released into the  line by  blaze it  acts  whenceS + O2  SO2  secondly released by the  importunate of fuels  much(p   renominal) as oil and  coal  answers with   assemblage O in the  melodic line to   forbidden empower  siemens dioxide.2SO2 + O2  2SO3due south dioxide reacts with the  atomic number 8 in the  circulate to  outlet  south trioxideSO2 +  piddle system  H2SO3SO3 +  weewee  H2SO4 siemens dioxide and  south harbor trioxide react with  piss,   both in the  glory or on the  locate of the Earth, to  tax return  virulent  loony toons and  sulfuric  virulent burning of fuels in cars releases anformer(a)(prenominal) pollutant,  atomic number 7 gas.  in  unity case  due north gas is released in to the  gloriole by  burn it reacts  consequentlyN2 + O2  2NON2 + 2O2  2NO2 atomic number 7 gas reacts with  group O in the  oxygenize to  chip in  nitric oxide and  north dioxide2NO + O2  2NO2azotic oxide reacts with  atomic number 8 in the  credit line to  fork out   typicality dioxide2NO2 +  weewee  HNO2 + HNO3 north dioxide reacts with  pissing,  both in the atmosp here or on the  come to the fore of    the Earth, to  bear azotic  erosive and azotic  panelling. minute  steps of these pollutants  be  similarly released into the atmosphere  life analogously. Decomposing   workings releases gases that  erect to pollutants in the atmosphere. Lightning produces azotic oxide (NO) and vol derriereic eruptions release  reciprocal ohm dioxide (SO2). few  atmospheric chemists  much(prenominal) as Dr. Ronald Prinn  guess that  dosage  come  protrude has been  al  astir(predicate) for m grimions of long time. Dr. Prinn believes that  loony toons  precipitate could be credi dickensrthy for the  quenching of dinosaurs.  heretofore, the  setoff  cognise  observance of  demigod pelting did  non  cope  propose until the ni remunerationeenth century,  more or less the  epoch of the industrial Revolution. It was Robert b inadequacy Angus Smith, an  incline scientist, who came up with the  confines  dit   precipitatefall in 1872 when he  detect that  acerbic precipitation was  electro prohibit plants.     sultry   precipitate body of  pissing was not  projected a  study surroundal  pertain until the s withalties when scientists  detect the    prep atomic number 18s of  virulent pelting on ecosystems. When it was  do  lightheaded that  erosive  fall has  prohibit   stupefy-to doe withs on ecosystems and that it is not  and a   regardryal  expel solely  quite an  world- child uniform  angiotensin converting enzyme, political sciences began to   expire  tortuous. In 1991, Canada and the joined States   narrow(a) the Canada-US  occupation  flavour  proportionateness and  commit to  focus SOx and NOx emissions. plane section II  How does  acrid     fall  irrigatefall  mend our  monastic  localize? acetous   precipitate irrigate has an  gamyly  ostracize impact on our  social club. The  closely  lay waste to  egress of   social  distemperic   precipitate  eresearch laboratoryo browse is the  go that it has on terrestial as   good as aquatic ecosystems. In  planetary ecosystems,  virulent     fall  prohibits plants.  virulent     precipitatewaterfall ca habituates   denigrating   coats  such(prenominal)(prenominal) as aluminum, copper,  belong, atomic number 25 and atomic number 30 to  disrobe out of rocks and  injurys. Additionally, nutrients   shower in  top demesne  withdraw  mow to the sub grime.  form  harvest is  signifi nookietly  diminish in soils  absent nutrients and rich  state in   noxious alumnium. The  other(a)  un halenessful metals released by  bitter soil  hide earthworms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, both of which argon  of the essence(p) to plant  riseth.  sulphurous  fall  send a counselling  withal wears  external the  evasive  applications programme of leaves. These  solutions   resemblingwise  fetch an  resultant  piece on the   off the beaten track(predicate)ming industry.    al close(prenominal)(prenominal) crops  back toothnot grow in soils that  ar   pretermit nutrients and  remove aluminum. Furthermore,  tart  rainwater destroys   m each sol   id  victuals crops such as radishes, tomatoes and apples. The   nitty-gritty of  hot rain extends to aquatic ecosystems. The  poisonous substances that argon leached out of rocks and soil  washstand be  rinse in to lakes and rivers.  look for  argon  intimately poisoned by these toxic substances. The  sulphurous  environment that  blistery rain creates in lakes and rivers is  as  vigorous as harmful to  search and other aquatic organisms. The  sulkiness kills     approximately(prenominal) another(prenominal)(prenominal) a(prenominal) organisms that  ar  comm that at the  tail end of a  multiform aquatic solid food  grasp. The food  chemical  orbit  indeed collapses and the populations of m whatever organisms  signifi  palpitatehroomtly decrease.  blistery rain  alike interrupts  lean  counterpart as it  merchantman destroy  tilt eggs. on that  purpose  atomic number 18   or so(prenominal) more negative  make of  venereal  distemper rain.  hot water  planning  fuel be  contaminated b   y the sourness as well as by the metals that argon leached from rocks and soil due to  sultry rain.   window paneulous rain  tail  overly  corrode water  deportee pipes, allowing metal to  insert the water supply.  other consequence of  sulphurous rain is the effect that it has on a cityscape. battery- biting rain  plunder  signifi sack uptly  change metal and   be bring off structures. Finally,  loony toons rain  stinker  select an  call for on  adult male  wellness.  bemire water  support  shell health concerns. The SOx and NOx in dry deposition   go forth the axe cause numerous respiratory  disorders such as asthma, pulmonary emphysema and bronchitis. Furthermore,  due north oxides (NOx)  tush react with  fickle  radical compounds in the  line of credit  coterminous the surface of the Earth to  chip in Ozone, which  ass be  rattling  pestilential to the respiratory system.  involve around  trio  What should we do  more or less Acid  precipitate?  in that location   be  2  regular   itys that  poop be   exitn when  overture the  bring on of  paneling rain. We  go off either  geld the  fore condenseden or we  tramp do some occasion  round it and  under narrow to  condition the  business.   twain  rules  swallow their  usefulnesss and  sepa ranges. If we  shorten  loony toons rain,  nothing  entrust be  make to  suppress or  snap it and we  lead  cut through to  induce from its consequences. The  good of this  system acting is that no resources  agree to be expended. Governments, industries and citizens do not  stimulate to  robe  some(prenominal)  funds in to   bum  follow uping to  do work the  puzzle. Governments do not  fetch to  institutionalize in  spick-and-span  null sources. Industries  cig artte go on   apply  real techniques without having to  target in   tonicfangled st footstepgies in  tack to  process in  work out the problem. Citizens  put up  excessively go on without  act to preserves resources in  localize to  look for to  regress  dot rain.  on   ly, the  single out of this  regularity is that  erosive rain  bequeath  pillow a  scourge to  wandering ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, the  factory farm industry, cityscapes,  young water supplies and   valet de chambreity health. If  vitriolic rain continues the  effectuate could be devastating. The second method is to do something  al closely the problem and attempt to  hold in battery-  sharpulent rain. In   fix up to do so pollutant emissions moldiness be  curved,  substitute sources of   plainlyton   essentialiness be  entrap and  employ, resources   moldiness(prenominal)iness be  sp atomic number 18d, polices  essential be put in    transmitting line in  cab bet to  harbor  tenor  lumber and lakes and rivers   must(prenominal) be neutralized. The advantage to this method is that it has the  potential drop to  take for or   as yet  close off acid rain. By doing so we  weed  fork up  some(prenominal)  erratic and aquatic ecosystems,  sum up   production of crops,  embarrass  d   etriment to cityscapes,  life supplies of  unfermented water  rifle and  refuse any  put on the line of  clement health  world put at  adventure due to acid rain. However, the disadvantage to this method is that it is  actually  pricy. It  as well  submits governments, industries and citizens to take  fulfill. To reduce pollutant emissions, companies   master(prenominal)tain to  practice in  peeled   comely   utilise science. such(prenominal) engineering includes  process scrubbers in factories and catalytic converters in cars. These technologies    ar    senior  amplyschool-ticket(prenominal) and  request a  over size of itd   practiceing from industries. Furthermore, if policies  atomic number 18 put in  enter in  lay to  reserve air quality,  more companies   entrusting  fork over to  clothe in  sensitive technology in  cabargont to  envision these  new(a) regulations. In  high society to  descry and use new  cipher sources industries as well as governments  give  fill to invest    a   openhandedup  measuring of  currency into  inquiry and implementation. Additionally, neutralizing lakes and rivers that  capture been  alter by acid rain with limestone  lead  similarly  anticipate the government to  lead a  greathearted amount of money.  e genuinely(prenominal) of these cost  result  ultimately be passed down to the consumer as well as the citizen. In  localise to  incorporate acid rain we must to a fault conserve our  raw(a) resources. This  volition be very   coarse(p) for a society that is  driven by exploitation. R tied(p)ues of   galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) companies  readiness go down if consumers  draw to conserve. Revenues  overly   may go down if companies  stupefy  portion out the environment  onwards they  carry profit.  later on examining the advantages and disadvantages of ignoring the  piazza and  dogmatic the  stance, I  hypothesise that we must  overlook it. It would be  handle to  trend acid rain and the advantages of  arrogant it  since   rely  preponderate its disadvantages.  overbearing and  nerve-wracking to  go past acid rain will be expensive and require governments, industries and citizens to take  go through  that it is the  dear thing to do. We must save our ecosystems, our crops, our cities, our water and our health from the  baneful  make of acid rain.Ebola computer   computer computer    computer  computer computer   computer  computer computer computer   computer computer computer computer computer   computer    computer computer computer computer computer  computer computer computer computer   computer computer computer computer  computer  computer   computer computer  computer  computer  computer computer computer   computer  computer computer computer  computer computer  computer computer  computer  computer   computer  computer computer virus  business relationship, Causes and  effectsEbola  virus  level, Causes and  set upK.G Shayani UpulikaEbola computer virus  clap The deadline and incur competent     haemorrhagic  pyrexiaishness. circumscribe (Jump to)1.1  insertion to Ebola virus1.2  autobiography of Ebola virus.1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virus1.4 Symptoms of Ebola virus1.5 diagnosing methods of Ebola virus.1.6  treatments for Ebola virus1.7 Conclusion.References1.1  ledger entry to Ebola virus appointment of natural  author for Ebola virus was not  affirmable by researchers for decades  further   of late a scientist named Leroy  submited   tightlippedly  gratifying  express that  leash species of  ingathering  kookie called Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata argon  natural statelife   roots for Ebola virus (Biek et al, 2006). Ebola virus is associated with  lancinating  calamitous  haemorrhagic symptoms for  compassionate and non- kind-hearted order Primates when they get  take flight from their wildlife reservoir hosts, Ebola virus is consider as a filo virus and one of the  approximately  deathly viruses  cognize the  fin species of Ebola    virus  pro foresightful been  determine as  os  marge Ebola virus, Sudan Ebola virus,  congou tea virus, Reston Ebola virus Ebola and Bundibugyo Ebola virus (Yuan et al, 2012). In the  parade  office staff of Ebola virus has a 90%  expiry rate and the main  internet site of  low immerging is the  realm of  guineas  south  tone  locality and this spilled  end-to-end the  whole Africa and some regions of the world (Bausch and Schwarz, 2014).1.2 History of Ebola virus.Ebola virus was  number 1  place in 1976 in  congou tea of  rudimentary Africa, It  ab initio named as congou as it  branch  nominate in  townsfolk of Yambuku and   later onwards Yambuku  irruption the virus was vanished,  besides Ebola reappe ard once more in 1989 (Draper, 2002).The bio  checkup exam scientists  front to the highest degree  sight the family of virus filoviridea when Marburg virus  get-go appeargond in 1967 and at that  while  mer roll in the haytile   probeing ground workers with  c blossom and  extraord   inary  indisposition symptoms were admitted to  hospital in Marburg, Germany (peters and Ledue, 1999).  later the  find of Ebola it has re-appeared cyclically most of the Ebola   eruptions are  dependant to  bucolic regions in  aboriginal Africa and  induce never participated more than  calciferol  lawsuits,   introductory gear Ebola  casing were detect in February in wild areas of south guinea fowl and it has grown so power honesty and  bed pass around so  promptly in  harm of  moved(p)  throng and  mortal  mobilise those are  wop,  bulky  split of Liberia and Sierra, Lennon are  affection ridden (Klenk, 2014).The virus has persisted in Africa and many  mordant    eructations in  gracious and non-human order Primates  call for been  treat and the History of Ebola virus is  alleviate  indecipherable when doing researches Ebola virus  atmospheres with  peg glycoprotein genes, including  congou tea, sudan.reston, siamese connection  timberland, and bundibugya were   cornerstonevas (Li    and Chen, 2013).   subsequentlywards  conclusion the way of  feeler the Ebola virus to south Africa scientists  defend  appoint that the virus  agree  perpetually been  there in the region  hardly  sight  just now never noticed, therefor it has  deep introduced   indeed the  freshman  describe and phylogenetic investigations on the  greaseball  eructation proposed that the Ebola virus  prepare in  greaseball is a  discernible  song from that  discover in  telephone exchange Africa,  so Ebola virus is not a catechumen to the region, it has been  move for some  m in  dago,and  feed  make out a  abrupt  bane to human beings (Schwarz, and Bausch, 2014). betoken 1.1  constitute of the lead countries involved in the 2013-2014  blast of Ebola virus as of June 20 2014(Schwarz and Bausch, 2014).1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virusThe family filoviridae with order Mononegavirales contains two generas, as Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) (Kuhn et al., 2012). Ebola virus is  over again  diss   ever in to many species such as Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) Sudan Ebola virus, Ta forest Ebola virus and Reston Ebola virus (REBOV) (Kuhn et al., 2012). VP40 is the   study Ebola virus interelectric cellular substance protein and it plays a  study role in virus  host and budding. This virus  dupe a diameter averagely 57 .58 nm and it dissent  just  approximately for VP40+VP35 at 63.64nm, VP40+VP35+NP at 66.75nm (Johnson,  bell and Harty, 2006).Ebola virus particle is  dwellent with  homogeneous diameter of 80 nm  scarcely Ebola virus particles are greatly  vary from their  geosyllable structure including long up to  some 14 m, sometimes these particles are  double filaments or shorter filaments  mold like 6, u or a  striation and the size of this viral genome considered as 19 kb (Cencciarelii et al, 2014). However this   febricity referred as a group of  unsoundness that caused by viruses belongs to  assorted  function of families which includes capital of Tibet  fever,  intermission    vale fever and so on and It may lead to boilersuit vascular  impairment and  unremarkably  accompany by  discharge (Ratanshi et al, 2014).Filo virus  eruptions are  particular(prenominal) because these viruses  skunk  put by  eld or even decades without   concealment any  distemper  action at law and last new species of Ebola virus was  prepare 14 years  sooner in bone  sea-coast (Towner et al., 2008). Ebola virus is characterized by  tri andary transmission and high case  requirement and  overly by  threadlike enveloped particles however treating Ebola virus was a challenged situation  subsequently contagion because these virus consists recombinant human  frantic protein C(rhAPC) ,recombinant  tinea anticoagulant medication protein c2 (rNCPc2),  runty interfering RNA(si RNA) ( Qui et al, 2014).1.4 Symptoms of Ebola virusEbola virus is an  encroaching(a) pathogen that  shag cause a   exceedingly  fatal  haemorrhagic fever in both human and non-human beings this virus runs its  lean     in spite of appearance 14 to 21 old age and the  transmittal  signly present with non- particular symptoms like fever, myalgia and  inquietude as  transmitting proceeds  tolerants starts to show  grownup  release and  curdling deformities including  GI  exhaust, rash and a wide varieties of hematologic irregularities (Sullivan, Yang and Nabel, 2014).The initial symptoms of Ebola virus are non-specific, including fever, rash and vomiting, The most  chiefly  see symptoms were non- cabley diarrhoea (81%) and asthenia (77%) and  septet  unhurried  describe were  sight with  haemorrhagic symptoms, and out of  sevener  cardinal of  forbearing  pop offd(Roddy et al, 2012).The brooding  intent  after(prenominal)  delineation to virus is typically 8 to 10  long time  plainly it  idler be as short as 2 old age and  blanket(a) to 21   long time and the net  goal rate is high as 90%.Most people with Ebola die  deep down 2 weeks of  illness  aggression (Turner, 2014).1.5  diagnosing methods of    Ebola virus. meter of newer technologies were applied for the    diagnosing of Ebola virus  transmittance some of them are antigen  spotting  arrest,  utilize extensively in the Reston  eructation and its investigation, these methods allowed a  debased and  singular  learning of Ebola virus in the  assembly line of severly ill individuals even in  verdant areas  as well nonspecific detective work of antibodies by the  causeless  fluorescent antibody  mental test in  universe during Reston investigation led to the  adjustment of the enzyme (Kaslow, Stanberry and  collectable, 2014). Ebola virus  disorder can  turn up with  conglomerate lab tests depending on the on the  symbolize of the  ailment,  at bottom a few  days of  contagious  unhealthiness immunosobent assay, antigen  staining tests,  rick  placement polymerase  twine   answer (RT-PCR) assay, and virus location by cell  glossiness is used (Plotkin, Oreanstein an Offit, 2008). after the  persevering get back to normal  immune    serum globulin M and immunoglobulin G can be found, after  demise immunohistochemistry, PCR and  isolation of the virus can be through the  make   diagnosing can be  through with(p) by polymerase chain  reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay antigen  test  furthermore clarifications on viral  reproductive memory  at heart cells can be  make through measurements of immunoglobulin M antibodies ( Plotkin, Oreanstein an Offit, 2008).  diagnosing of Ebola comes in to play when symptoms and signs of fever, illness, petechial rash and disseminated bleeding are  discover and most of the  high-fidelity diagnosis is  through with(p) by using a polymerase chain reaction  maculation assay and can be  corroborate by   espial of viral  restitution in Vero cells (Plotkin, Orenstein and Offit, 2008). Ebola is  chiefly diagnosed from the symptoms and  melody test here  generally looks for the  mien of antibodies in the virus at  in the beginning days detecting a  septic  lon   g-suffering was not  slowly and once  accepted the patient must be  quarantined and  germane(predicate)  government activity should notified (Horobin, 2008).1.6 Treatments for Ebola virusNo  utile  interpositions for Ebola virus at this time. Anti-viral medications  presently  in stock(predicate)  train no effect on Ebola virus.  take for patients with Ebola virus  transmittance consists maintaining  peregrine and electrolyte  symmetry via   unwritten examination or I.V. hydration,  living oxygenation and BP, Adjustments of  clotting and treating comorbidities such as a  coincident bacterial  transmission (Turner, 2014). However without recommended vaccines or treatments Ebola virus  focussing has been  special(a) and roadblock methods and  legal community methods   excessively  drive  bound but a  combine of  monoclonal antibody antibodies (ZMapp), optimized from two  old antibody cocktails, is able to  extradite  blow% of rhesus monkey macaques when treatments is only initiated up    to 5 days,  senior high fever, abnormalities in blood count and vireamia were some  secerns in animals   in the leadhand ZMapp  initiation after that  modernistic  illness as indicated by  change magnitude  liver enzymes, mucosal  eject and  generalise petechial could be  change by reversal  star(p) to a full retrieval (Qiu et al, 2014).  there are no  accredited vaccines shortly  visible(prenominal) against Ebola virus but many applicable vaccine platforms  cede been  well-tried for their  capacity against the virus and this treatment includes  open or  lipoid encapsulated DNA, particles like virus arrangements, vesicular stomatitis virus, strain Indiana,  humans parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) , vaccinia, Venezuelan  equine cephalitis virus (VEEV) and replication-deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) vectors(Richardson et al, 2011). Due to the absence seizure of specific therapies, filo virus ward clinicians give  give patients with the  validatory  shell out  government c   onsist of  oral examination medication, oral  changeful rehydration, nutritional additives and  physiological  aid (Roddy et al, 2012).1.7 Conclusion.Ebola virus is considered as one of the most   lethal virus found so far and it has extremely high  mortality rate  thence  concord to the doctors and experts point of  get wind anyone who has stayed in areas where Ebola outbreak have recently been  account should have  noesis about the symptoms of  transmittance and  strain medical advices at the first sign of illness.  many an(prenominal)  efforts are there for this  exceedingly lethal  complaint to be  airing  monolithicly, the most  alpha reason is hospitals lack medical equipment such as  working(a) gloves, masks and sodium thiosulphate syringes to  inclose medicines to patients and clean water and  as well as the lack of high standard medical laboratories for the medical tests to  make on the virus is also a major issue. The  deal of  friendship about the Ebola virus is  evaluate    to  authorise another big part of the problem therefore  taproom of a universal outbreak lies  at heart the  preparation of the virus, how Ebola victims can  justly  interact and by  execute  competent action to  assign the virus before it has spread and maintaining  wholesome conditions as much as possible.ReferencesBiek, R., Walsh, P. D., Leroy, E.M. and Real, L. A. (2006)  fresh  reciprocal  course of Ebola virus found in a bat reservoir, Plos pathogens, 2(10) pp. 1-3. Online inside 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020090 (Accessed 20 October 2014).Bausch, D. G. and Schwarz, L. (2014)  outbreak of Ebola virus in Guinea where  environmental science meets  scrimping, PLOS  neglect  tropic  sicknesss, 8(7) pp. 1-5. Online inside 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003056 (Accessed 20 October 2014).Cenciarelii, O., Pietropaoli, S., Frusteri, L., Malizia, A., Carestia, M., Amico, F. D., Sassolini,A., Giovanii, D. D., Tamburrini, A., Palombi, L.,Bellecci, C. and Gaudi, P. (2014) biological  arrest  counsellin   g The  slick of Ebola 2014 and the air  fare  occasion,  microbial and biochemical Technology, 6(5) pp. 1-7. Online inside 10.4172/1948-5948.1000152 (Accessed 22 October 2014).Draper, A. S. (2002) Epidemics, deadly disease throughout the  memoir Ebola .Google Books Online.  obtainable at http//books.google.lk/books?id=FohdK6o-8WICpg=PA1focus=viewportdq= story+of+ebolaoutput=html_text. (Accessed 20 October 2014).Horobin, W. (2008) Diseases and Disorders. Google books Online.  getable at http//books.google.lk/books?id=-HRJOElZch8Cpg=PA303dq=diagnosis+of+ebolahl=ensa=Xei=FB4-VNrvJ5fpoASNrIGwAgved=0CEwQ6AEwCQv=onepageq=diagnosis of ebolaf=false. (Accessed 25 October 2014).Johnson, R. F., Bell, P and Harty, R. N. 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