Bp Oil Spill Case Study - 1237 Words

BP Oil Spill Case Study Brooke Campbell Lander University ere several factors that contributed to the accident: †¢ Valve Failure: The pipe was sealed in two different ways. The pipe was filled with cement and it also had two different valves to stop the flow of gas and oil. All of the valves did not operate correctly, causing the oil and gas to go up through the pipe and head towards the surface. †¢ Leak was spotted too late: The crew at the surface should have been able to see or detect that there was a flow of oil and gas that was going towards the surface by looking at different pressures that were not supposed to be there. There was a pressure increase 50 minutes before the rig exploded, but nobody realized. †¢ Absense of Gas Alarm: There should have been an alarm that sounded and should have triggered ventilation fans to prevent gas being able to get lit, but the alarm system failed to work or operate. †¢ Absense of BOP Battery: Because of the explosion, the control lines that the workers were using to try to close safety valves in the blowout preventer were destroyed. But the blowout preventer has its own safety device where two different systems should have automatically closed the valves once contact was lost with the surface. Of the two systems, one of them had a battery that did not work and the other one had a defective switch. †¢ Overwhelmed Separator: The members of the crew had the choice of pushing the mud and gas away from the rig, which would vent itShow MoreRelatedCase Study on Bp Oil Spill816 Words   |  4 PagesGROUP PROJECT- CASE STUDY | A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the course | | MODERN INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT | INSTRUCTORS: PROF. S.K. BARUA PROF. J.R. VARMAACADEMIC ASSOCIATE: MS. VAISHALI SATTAREPORT PREPARED BYGROUP 12MEENAKSHI DEOGAM M. SHYAMNIMISHA SAXENARAGHAV YADAVROHAN ANANDDATE OF SUBMISSION: 24TH AUGUST, 2010 | | Effect of BP oil spill and subsequent market reaction on the assets of pension funds andRead MoreCase Study: BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill3602 Words   |  15 Pages......................................................2 Do you agree with Tony Hayward’s quote at the end of the case? .................................................................2 Was this disaster strictly a BP failure or an industry accident?........................................................................2 What factors affect the competitive environment of the oil industry? ...........................................................2 Question 2 ...............................Read MoreBp And The Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study3246 Words   |  13 Pages BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Case Study Tamatha French Management 6000 Hawaii Pacific University â€Æ' Introduction and Background On April 20, 2010, the petroleum industry suffered the largest maritime disaster oil spill in its history known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The Deepwater Horizon oil rig that had been working on a well for BP in the Gulf exploded and went up in flames. Subsequently, massive amounts of oil spilled out into the water, threatening the marine life andRead MoreKey Stakeholders And Their Involvement1159 Words   |  5 Pagesfalling since the explosion, and have not returned to the original value before the incident (Read, 2010). Dividends were also not given out that year (ibid). As such, BP had to take measures to regain shareholder confidence. This incident also led to the resignation of BP’s Chief Executive Tony Hayward. Government As the oil spill concerned United States’ citizens and land, the US government stepped in to overlook the clean up of the disaster (Read, 2010). Aside from setting up a $20 billion fundRead MoreBritish Petroleum on the Treatment of Environment and Workers1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction British Petroleum (BP) was originated in 1866 and is one of the main providers of oil and gasoline in the world, and the single largest in North America. The company functions in 28 countries worldwide, refining an average 2,352 barrels of oil per day. During the years, BP has had major occurrences in which their workers have been hurt or even not survived, triggering tremendous damage to the environment too. Primarily accidents started to happen during March 2005, when Texas CityRead MoreStrategic And Value Of Operations Management1599 Words   |  7 Pagesshareholders and stakeholders. This case study will briefly explore the importance of managing activities in today’s modern operations, and why it is critical to understand the strategic and value of operations management. We will examine the British Petroleum (BP) oil spill that occurred out in the Gulf of Mexico in April of 2010. The oil spill not only stirred many controversies but also affected the relationship of two of BP’s business partners. Most importantly, the oil spill has affected our coastal ecosystemRead MoreBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesCASE STUDY- MINI CASE: BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL CASE SUMMARY 1. In a narrative format, summarize the key facts and issues of the case. In the case of the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligenceRead MoreDear Ceo And Board Of Trustees Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesand Board of Trustees Introduction As you are aware, on April 20, 2010, explosions occurred in the Gulf of Mexico sinking the Deepwater Horizon oil rig and tragically killed 11 people This oil spill is now considered the worst oil spill in United States history. During the search and rescue, an underwater camera was discovered which revealed a leak in the BP pipeline. Because the well is located approximately 5,000 feet beneath the deep, dark sea with temperatures just above freezing and extremelyRead MoreSocial, Cultural and Environmental Responsibility of Corporate Business Leaders1482 Words   |  6 PagesReview This study investigates corporate social responsibilities. We begin by introducing the concept of CSR and the concept of Sustainable Development, than we emphasize on the importance of the two concepts, we also show a case study of a company that didn’t take these values into consideration, the impact of the company’s behavior on the company itself and on the stakeholders as well, and finally we conclude the study by a critical opinion and some recommendations. This study was based onRead MoreWhy Law And Ethics Should Be Legal1501 Words   |  7 Pagesethics would be the recent oil spill. The third-largest energy company that produces about 3.8 million barrels of oil and gas per day and also owns 22,400 service stations over the world is the company, BP. However, on April 20th, 2010, that same company created one of the greatest oil spill disasters recorded in the U.S. history in the Gulf of Mexico. The Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion caused the deaths of 11 workers, injured 17 workers as well as a humungous oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico,

Ageism Discrimination Against Older People - 865 Words

Ageism Ageism is â€Å"discrimination against older people.† (Webster’s, 2003) The words age and racism combined to define this prejudice. There are studies that show one in every five workers in the United States are over fifty-five. Around sixty percent of workers state they have experienced ageism in the workplace. (North, 2013) Yet, the elderly are not the only ones who experience age discrimination. Ageism happens to children, teenagers, and middle-aged adults. Age discrimination appears to be prevalent in all countries. In Japan it s reported as early as thirty years old. Recruiting agencies there discriminate against workers at a young age. In the United States the magic number seems to be around fifty. Ageism is normal for our society today, it is common place practice. It is the one bias that is not talked about or advocated against. Individual Ageism The elderly experience ageism on a daily basis. Whether it is in the workplace, in the media, by family and personal relationships. Workers report that age discrimination has become common in their work place. Society trains us early on to â€Å"act our age,† and it carries into adulthood. Many believe that the elderly should retire and let younger workers have their jobs. Women report that this bias appears for them at a younger age than for men who are their contemporaries. This is especially true in the media, we tend to judge older women harder than we do older men. We are all guilty of ageismShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Ageism On The Delivery Of Nursing Care For The Older Person1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide the audience with an understanding of ageism in healthcare by critically analyzing the impact of ageism on the delivery of nursing care for the older person. This essay will be based from the perspective of the impact of a registered nurse’s ageist behaviour on the older patient, the nursing care of the older patient and the impact on colleagues in the health care team. This essay will also discuss theories and relevant principles of ageism, nursing care and the health care environmentRead MoreAgeism, By Robert Butler1092 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' According to Dittman (2003), â€Å"A survey of 84 people ages 60 and older, nearly 80 percent of respondents reported experiencing ageism--such as other people assuming they had memory or physical impairments due to their age.† What exactly is ageism? Ageism, termed by Robert Butler in 1969, is a form of discrimination or prejudice based on age. This can be emotionally or physically abusive for the individual. Elder adults are the majority that receive this kind of abuse. The elder populationRead MoreTaking a Look at Age Discrimination1444 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding specific age groups in society. Ageism could be ‘a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old’ (Butler 1969, as cited in Snape and Redman, 2003, p. 79), although recent developments have resulted in ageism also being applicable to people being too young, as well as being too old (Palmore 1990, as cited in Snape and Redman, 2003). This paper will asse ss age discrimination through its causes, effects on older workers, financial motives, employer attitudesRead MoreEssay on Ageism or Agism621 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Ageism, or agism, is a prejudice or discrimination against an individual or group in society on the basis of ones conception of age. A  prejudice is a  preconceived  mentality, judgement, or opinion that may have no  reason nor basis. Discrimination is the expression of prejudice resulting in differential treatment of different groups or individuals in society. This may include unjust behaviors, actions, language(s) and degrading terms, or limitations  restricting anothers rights. A person who participatesRead MoreAgeism, By Robert M. Butler1589 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Older people are likely to be seen as a burden and a drain on resources, rather than as a resource themselves†, this being a common interpretation many have on elderly because of Ageism (Irving, 2015, p. 72). The term â€Å"Agei sm† was developed in 1969 by Robert M. Butler, the director of the District of Columbia Advisory Committee on Aging (SOURCE). Ageism, meaning, the prejudice and discrimination against older people (Macionis, 2014, pg.104), has been an un-noticed growing stereotype. When many thinkRead MoreAge Stratification1183 Words   |  5 Pagesstratification and ageism are very closely related; one cannot exist without the other. Age stratification separates people into three primary groups according to their age; the young, the old and the rest. Ageism is the process of systematic stereotyping or discrimination, takes over from there by being an enacted series of prejudices against a person or group based on their age, just as racism and sexism accomplish with skin colour and gender. Ageism allows the younger generations to see older people as differentRead MoreAgeism : Stereotypes And Stereotyping Of Older People Today Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesAgeism is a popular and important t opic to discuss as it represents a great issue in today’s society. The article â€Å"Ageism in America† focuses on the biases and stereotyping of older people here in America. The elderly is highly discriminated against and we tend to not realize this enough. Ageism is an ever growing concern in the United States and is an issue that needs to be resolved. There is a concern of what will become of ageism in the future. The term ageism is based on an individuals or societiesRead MoreReducing the Divide between Young and Old1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe area of diversity that we will look at here is Ageism. First we will discuss some of the more important barriers that are present because of age. We will discuss how this group is affected by discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes and some of the sources that perpetuate it. Finally we’ll attempt to show some strategies that both young and old can use to promote communication and understanding to hopefully reduce the divide between the young and old. In ancient times the old we’re valuedRead MoreDiscrimination towards the elderly community is constantly being tolerated across the world. A600 Words   |  3 PagesDiscrimination towards the elderly community is constantly being tolerated across the world. A definition of age discrimination can simply be put into terms as; stereotyping and discriminating against a certain individual or group of people based upon their age. Which can also be classified as ageism: defined as the prejudice against older individuals that can lead into age discrimination.The elderly community is one common group of people that are constantly being put under discrimination becauseRead MoreDiscrimmination against the Elderly Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Butler (1975) was one of the first writers on ageism and he defined it as â€Å"a process of systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old. . . . Old people are categorized as senile, rigid in thought an d manner, old fashioned in morality and skills† (p. 35). Ageism is a form of oppression of elders by youth and adults. Ageism intersects with classism and sexism to produce differences in distribution of retirement resources for the elderly. Women of all ethnic

Jet Age 21st century Innovation and Technology

Question: Discuss about theJet Age 21st century for Innovation and Technology. Answer: Introduction: The Jet age 21st century is going with a great speed by crossing old barriers and limitations by building new and futuristic world with equal respect to every living thing. The world is getting shorter as innovation and technology reached greater heights. As one business or individual can connect to other place for any purpose, they desire. Every animal or human being kept with a good protection and care by using all means of source required for them. By the same way, every business can be operated at any place for its betterment by crossing its barriers and limitations of where it originated. Every business applies its various sources to come into the limelight of consumer that is by advertisement, distributing free samples or charity. Business begins with a unique name and brand that represents the product and create its brand image, which is called as branding. In other words, branding refers to process that involved in creating unique name and an image of the products by using advertisement campaigns (Lake, 2016). Branding is from word brand that is symbolic of the image of the product. The Brand is symbol that keep product separate from other products in quality, shape, graphics and designs. It creates individuality of the product by giving a distinct mark from the rest of the products. When a company decides to have its own brand name, it must determine how it wants to be looked at the market for now and future. The main purpose of creating this brand is to leave a lasting impression on the mind of consumers. This process of brand or branding is construction of company image in the market. Advertisement is an investment that concentrates on the brand awareness among the consumers by showing its uses of their products in their life. The advertisement is the main source of leaving an impression on the customers about the company and its product. The main key factor creates brand personality and persuasiveness, which weight the intentions of consumers for the brand and its purchasing behavior. With more liking of advertisement allows a strong image to the product in the market. Advertising not only creates awareness among the consumers, but it also expands the consumer knowledge by showing different products rolling into the market with its usage. For many years, researchers and practitioners have researched on advertising that how it leaves an impact on customers that make them interested in the product (Abbasi Aqueel, 2012). Even the small market industry mechanism can be different from the nature of advertising. There are some factors, which are kept in mind while mak ing advertising that is a sector, on which company is concentrating, expectations from the impact of advertising. Advertising can influence public in both ways; positive and negative. If measures and calculation of an advertisement company are correct for the market, then it can influence positively or it can give a negative image to the product. Advertisement with ethics is an effective way of leaving a lasting impression on the minds of public as it attaches them to it. Ethics refers to moral values or behavior that is expected towards society and it gives society mark that shows how the product is better for them and their coming generation. Ethics in the advertisement refers to the set of principles that governs the communication between the seller and buyer. An ethical advertisement is that which displayed their products by keeping in mind goodness of society that is by not telling lies, does not make any false claims or promises. With the passage of time, advertisers have lost their way towards ethics, as advertisements made only by keeping in mind the expectations of the company and forgetting their role towards a society that is an ethical behavior. Advertisers are only in the mode of turning up the sales by not thinking what impact is leaving on people. Unethical advertisement is one which: Gives the misleading information, Contains offensive material, Spreads false or misleading information, Shows or degrades products of rival or its substitute. These are the symptoms, which makes advertisement unethical for every product. Some advertisements are unethical from the beginning that is when advertisement made or displayed as they are bad for society or can never be good for the society. This kind of advertisement is called as surrogate advertisement refers to a form of advertisement used to promote banned products that are cigarette and alcohol, which is banned in almost every country but still this country promote is different ways. For calling advertisement ethical this three should be available that are Truthfulness, social responsibility and upholding human dignity (Sawant, 2012). After keeping in mind all the features of branding and ethical advertisement, I chose two advertisements that are perfect example of branding, construction and ethical advertisement. Those advertisements are: Like a girl- Unstoppable This is the advertisement, which made by the PG called as Likeagirl-Unstoppable. As from the ancient times, this tradition of differentiation between men and women is going on and maybe go further until unless some steps is not taken. This is for the female, who think they cannot do because she is a girl, and women or girls dont such things or they have never seen any girl doing this like wrestling or saving anyone by fighting, which can be seen in the advertisement as girls tell about their feeling (PG, 2015). Here initiative took by the Company for picking up the society from old traditions and breaking down barriers by providing awareness and education among girls from the lower age so that further it can stop. PG not only used this advertisement for awareness, but also used its tagline Like a girl with every product to make them feel how strong are and what they can do by coming out from their old barriers and traditions. This company selling their product by spreading education and sense of accomplishment of yes, they can do (Gamble, 2016). Cute Animals Being Friends This advertisement of android operating software of Google that called as Cute Animals Being Friends- Be together. Not the same. The ad has been made very specifically for its rival that is Apple which is not expressed anywhere that makes them part of the ethical advertisement as it does not disgrace its competitor. In this ad, various types of animals who runs from each other are shown helping and enjoying with each other like a cat helping dog going out by opening a lock of the door, the dog is having a rest on an elephant and more by forgetting each other desires except helping and caring (Google, 2015). The main purpose of this ad is to show their software can be used anywhere in any device a person desire to use in by keeping aside any limitations. This is one of the best examples of ethical advertisement as nothing is harmed and animals who are not found to be together are shown together doing things which makes thing better. This shows how society can stay together by forgetti ng all hatred as in their tag line Be together. Not the same. These are the two advertisements, which is very well suited to branding, construction and ethics. In the above given, advertisements not only promoting their products but also helping to become part of the society and its culture. This helps to remove the social barriers which are not allowing to move further which stopping them for progress and showing how to love each other by forgetting hatred and staying together by saying be together, not the same. These are two different advertisements, choosing different audiences with their different purposes as in Like a Girl their target is to spread education and promotion of their product by educating them that these problems are not real barriers. So, this helps them by uplifting themselves socially and culturally. The other one is of Cute animals being friends here they showcased their softwares quality by showing them love of animals who are opposite means who stay away from each other. As their software quality of use in any device with the love of animals give the motivation to society of staying together by forgetting any hatred. This encourages cooperation and love for society, which gives them strong belief. These two advertisements do target neither the same audience nor any consistency, as one is of uplift of society and the other is cooperation, where one is daily product and the other is used as a technology. Hence, both are the different advertisements with different targets with no consistency. Bibliography Abbasi, A., Aqueel, A. (2012, November 26). Impact of advertising on brand loyalty with the moderation of consumer buying behaviour. Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/AamnaShakeel/70762826-advrtsngijcrbaamna Gamble, P. . (2016). OUR EPIC BATTLE #LIKEAGIRL. Retrieved from https://always.com: https://always.com/en-us/about-us/our-epic-battle-like-a-girl Google. (2015, February 06). CUTE ANIMALS BEING FRIENDS in New Android Ad | What's Trending Now. CUTE ANIMALS BEING FRIENDS in New Android Ad. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5MMrP4UQIw Lake, L. (2016). Why Branding Is Important When It Comes to Marketing. Why Branding Is Important When It Comes to Marketing. Retrieved from https://marketing.about.com/cs/brandmktg/a/whatisbranding.htm PG. (2015, July 07). Always #LikeAGirl - Unstoppable. Always #LikeAGirl - Unstoppable. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhB3l1gCz2E Sawant, R. P. (2012, December). Impact of Advertising on Brand Awareness and Consumer Preference (With Special Reference to Men`S Wear). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 5(6). Retrieved from https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol5-issue6/F0565461.pdf

Kruger v Commonwealth for Australian Democracy-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theKruger v Commonwealth for Australian Democracy. Answer: The case of Kruger v Commonwealth is also referred to as the stolen generation case in this case a challenge regarding the validity of legislation applicable in the north territory during the year 1918 to 1957 was rejected by the High Court which authorised purportedly the removal of aboriginal children from their families. The case took place in the high court of Australia and was presided over by Brennan CJ, Toohey, Dawson, Gaudron, Gummow and McHuge JJ. The challenge to the validity of 1980 ordnance was rejected by the majority of judges it was also provided that no implied right in relation to legal equality exist. It was found by the judges in this case that 1918 ordinance had a beneficial intention with no purpose of restricting religious practice all promoting genocide. It was also unanimously held by the High Court that no separate action with respect to the breach of any constitutional right existed[1]. For at least 40000 years the indigenous Australians resided in the Northern territory. When the territory came under the supervision of South Australia in the year 1863 the northern territory Aboriginals Act 1910 was passed by the government[2]. Through the provisions of this act chief Protector of aboriginals had been appointed as the legal guardian of all children whose parents were aboriginals[3]. The chief protector in addition was provided with the authority to send such children to aboriginal institution or a reserve. The legislation meant that children belonging to aboriginal parents would be removed from the custody only by an administrative order as compared to those children who belong to non aboriginal parents and could only be removed by an order of the court. Even after the control of the northern Territory has been transferred to the Federal government from South Australia the policy of removing indigenous children from the custody of their family continued. The powers of the Aboriginal Ordinance 1918 had been extended by bringing the aboriginal females under the chief protectors exclusive control. The churches operated most of the aboriginal institutions. From the year 1964 the circumstances in which the indigenous children could be removed from the custody of their parents became same which were applicable to non indigenous children however the condition of life which the indigenous people were subjected to place them at a greater risk of their children being removed from the custody because of destitution or neglect. As reported by 91% of the children which had been placed in Foster care were identified as indigenous. The bringing them home report was published by the human rights and equal opportunity commission in 1997 with respect to its enquiry into the separation of indigenous children from their families. Arrange of recommendations was made by the report which included involving charities and churches government apologies, paying the fami ly is monetary compensation and the requirement for the Federal government enact legal provisions in accordance with genocide convention[4]. In this case compensation was demanded by the plaintiff in relation to deprivation of Liberty and wrongful imprisonment. A claim made by seven plaintiffs namely was related to compensation for being removed from their families when they were child during the year 1925 and 1944. The claim made by the eight plaintiff was made as she was a mother whose daughter has been removed from her custody. The primary barrier which prevented the members of the stolen generation to make a claim was that removal which was done by the government has been authorised by the Aboriginal Ordinance 1918[5]. There were primarily five arguments which one made by the plaintiff stating that the aboriginals Ordinance 1918 was not valid act of the parliament. The plaintiff pleaded that the ordinance in French the doctrine of separation of power, the common law doctrine is provided legal equality was offended by the ordinance, the freedom of movement and Association was restricted by the ordinance, as the ordinance was related to the removal of children at constituted genocide and the removal of children from the custody of their parents resulted in restriction towards the exercise of free religion. In this case with respect to the argument related to separation of powers two propositions were included in the argument of the plaintiff. The two propositions were that detention and removal of people was exclusively a judicial power and the judicial power should not be exercised by a chapter 3 court. In the case of New South Wales v Commonwealth[6] which is also known as the Wheat case it was provided by the court that Federal judicial power is not allowed to be exercised by a court. It was provided by the judges that the constitution is structured is such a way which requires strict insulation with respect to judicial powers so that only a court which has been established under chapter III of the Constitution has been provided the power to exercise judicial powers related to Commonwealth. In the Wheat case the reasoning was for the taken from the case of water side workers Federation of Australia v J W Alexander Limited[7]. In this case it was held by the majority of the judges th at the power to bring conventions for offences in force awards and imposition of punishment and penalties were matters which come exclusively coming under the scope of judicial power. The doctrine of the boilermakers case was restored by the High Court as it held at only chapter III courts are eligible to exercise judicial powers and the only power which chapter III could exercise were judicial powers[8]. It had been held previously in the case of Attorney-General (Cth) v The Queen[9] that terrorism does not come under the part of that Federal judicial authority. The power in relation to the second proposition arise from the case of Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration[10]where it was held by the judges that detention of citizen which is involuntary in nature through the custody of the state is positive or panel in nature and under the given system of government is available only as an incident of particular judicial powers of punishing and adjudging criminal guilt. In the case with respect to this papers the argument related to the separation of power was rejected by all the judges however the opinion related to the rejection deferred among them. It was held by Brennan CJ, Dawson and McHugh JJ that the doctrine of separation of power was not applicable in relation to the authority to make laws for a territory falling under section 122 of the Australian constitution and does the judges did not proceed towards deciding that whether detention fall under the provisions of judicial power or not. It was held by Brennan CJ that as a territories were not a segment all the federal system which involved the distribution of powers between the state and the Commonwealth the doctrine of separation is not applicable. Dawson J and McHuge J together provided that section 122 provided the parliament the authority to enact quotes which were not Federal in nature and did not exceed Federal jurisdiction. It was doubted by Dawson J that the actions in relation to the case was rather than executive were of a judicial character. It was held by Toohey, Gaudron and Gummow JJ that the taking a way of indigenous children was not the use of judicial power and did not provide whether or not the doctrine of separation of powers is applicable. As provided by Toohey J that it was a very persuasive proposition that the doctrine of separation of powers applied to the territories however the question on that basis was not determined by the judge as judged by standards and values prevailing and those Times the purpose of the ordinance was welfare and thus it was neither the exercise of judicial power nor it was punative. Similarly the decision of Gaudron J was based on the finding that the authority with respect to the authorisation of detention in government custody was not under the provisions of exclusive judicial power. And finally it was held by Gummow J that the moment at which the detention was initiated it was necessary for a non punitive legitimate purpose and therefore does not fall under the provisions of judi cial power. The next question was related to the implied right with respect to legal equality. Remedies for short by the plaintiff which were consistent with the judgement of the dissenting judges in the case of Leeth v Commonwealth[11]. However, in the present case only Toohey Jconsidered that there was a right related to substantial equality. In order to support only procedural equality Gaudron J departed from her position. It was further provided by the court that even if common law grants Substantive equality, the parliament has the power to override is or else it would make the concurrent powers of the parliament less than the states. The claim related to the freedom of movement was not relied upon by expressed rights like the right to travel interstate for commercial purpose. It was decided by the court in this case as there was no right to vote vested in the people of the territory the right of freedom of movement did not exist. In addition it was provided by Gummow J that there was no su ch right and even if it existed the ordinance did not breach it. In relation to genocide it was held by the court that the ordinance did not authorise genocide as the parliament did not have the authority to authorise it. Section 116 of the constitution protects the freedom of religion in Australia. The challenge of the plaintiff in relation to the freedom of religion had been rejected by the court by stating that the laws which had been challenged did not have the intention to restrict any religious practices. The validity of the ordinance had been upheld by the high court in this case however it was provided by the court that only when the removal was in the best interest of the child can it be initiated. The judges provided that the case had been judged by the standard and values which prevailed during the period. The constitution provides a range of restriction on the law making powers of the parliament. One of the rime examples of such restrictions have been provided in section 116 of the constitution through which a parliament cannot make laws to restrict the exercise of a religion. The decision in the case however signified that the parliament can make laws against the constitution with respect to the situation which was prevailing when the law had been made. The case was a total violation of the constitution through the use of legal interpretation and techniques by the judges in order to support the law making powers of the parliament as all provisions had been interpreted against t he plaintiff deliberately. Further the court found a way in this case to deny their own reasoning made in previous cases to limit the rights of the plaintiff. The case was totally adjudged taking into account political considerations and the law making power of the parliament. The judges denoted through their judgement that the decision was based on social implications revealing at the time the law had been made. However the bias stance of the judges in this case towards the plaintiff denotes that the only intention of the court was to ensure parliamentary supremacy in law making. The attitude of the courts towards upholding a parliamentary enactment has been seen in various cases where although prima faice it appeared that the provisions of the constitution had been breached, the interpretation off those provisions was done in such a way as to intentionally accept the validity of the new legislations. The decision can be seen as a prominent limitation of the doctrine of separation of powers where the judiciary was not able to perform there fiction freely under the influence of the legislature. References "Aboriginals Ordinance No. 9 of 1918 (Cth)". Museum of Australian Democracy. Attorney-General (Cth) v The Queen[1957] UKPCHCA 1, (1957) 95CLR529 Australia a national overview: resource sheet. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. 2010. Retrieved29 May2011 Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration[1992] HCA 64, (1992) 176CLR1,High Court(Australia). Genocide Convention Act 1949(Cth). Kune, R."The Stolen Generations in Court: Explaining the Lack of Widespread Successful Litigation by Members of the Stolen Generations".(2011) 30 University of Tasmania Law Review 32. Leeth v Commonwealth[1992] HCA 29, (1992) 174CLR455,High Court(Australia). New South Wales v Commonwealth[1915] HCA 17,(1915) 20 CLR 54. R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia[1956] HCA 10, (1956) 94CLR254. The Northern Territory Aboriginals Act 1910(SA). Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia v J W Alexander Ltd[1918] HCA 56,(1918) 25 CLR 434